{"id":14374,"date":"2016-04-23T09:01:26","date_gmt":"2016-04-23T09:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/airforcetimes\/uncategorized\/2016\/04\/23\/this-is-what-general-mattis-gets-wrong-about-iran\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T05:03:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T05:03:29","slug":"this-is-what-general-mattis-gets-wrong-about-iran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/airforcetimes\/opinion\/2016\/04\/23\/this-is-what-general-mattis-gets-wrong-about-iran\/","title":{"rendered":"This is what General Mattis gets wrong about Iran"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Editor&#8217;s note:\u00a0<\/strong>The following is an opinion piece. The writer is not employed by Military Times and the views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of Military Times or its editorial staff.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a speech Friday at\u00a0the Center for Strategic and International Studies<span class=\"rte rte-comment\"> (CSIS)<\/span>, a Washington, D.C., <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">based T<\/span>think <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">T<\/span>tank<span class=\"rte rte-comment\"> that provides analysis and solutions to geopolitical challenges<\/span>, retired Marine\u00a0Corps\u00a0Gen.<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">eral<\/span>\u00a0James Mattis characterized Iran as the greatest threat in the Middle East <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">region, <\/span>and disparaged the nuclear agreement signed by the U.S. and Iran \u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">between Iran and the U.S. <\/span>this fall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the speech, Mattis described\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">listed a laundry list of issues that characterized <\/span>Iran as a rogue state bent on upending order in the Middle East. His evidence:\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">the Middle East order to include <\/span>Iran\u2019s support for\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">involvement in supporting <\/span>the Assad regime in Syria; its backing\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">support <\/span>of Shia militias and death squads, from Yemen to Iraq; the <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">\u00a0and its <\/span>continuation of its ballistic missile program, and\u00a0its shore-based anti-ship missile defense strategy <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">and anti-ship\/shore defense strategy <\/span>in the Gulf. At face value, these events surely paint Iran in negative light, <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">portraying Iran as <\/span>a rogue actor sowing chaos in an effort to flex its muscles in the region<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">a regional muscle<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>What Mattis gets wrong about Iran is that it\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">Iran <\/span>is a reactionary regional player attempting to deal with the <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">balance a <\/span>massive power vacuum created by <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">left over not only in the wake of <\/span>the U.S. military withdrawal from Iraq, as well as the <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">but the <\/span>rebalancing <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">reorganizing <\/span>of U.S. national strategic interests toward\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">as <\/span>the Asia-Pacific region as it\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">begins to <\/span>takes center stage for American foreign <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">P<\/span>policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is overly simplistic to paint Iran as the main antagonist in the Middle East. The more complex picture involves the interests and politics of other regional players<span class=\"rte rte-comment\"> in the Middle East<\/span>, such as Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Iran must\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">has to <\/span>react to and balance the interests of all key players involved in the region. The subsequent power vacuum following the U.S. withdrawal has forced the big three \u2014\u00a0Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Iran \u2014\u00a0to reorganize their foreign policy and interests in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>Iran\u2019s support of <a href=\"http:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/feature\/relax-iran-not-taking-over-the-middle-east-12222\">proxy agents<\/a> in Yemen and Syria are a reaction to Saudi Arabia\u2019s support of Sunni non-state actors all throughout the region.<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">, from Syria to Yemen, and<\/span> America\u2019s seeming<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">ly<\/span> disinterest in the region only fuels Iran\u2019s need to react and intervene<span class=\"rte rte-comment\"> in these issues<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The U.S. is simply not interested in checking Iran\u2019s involvement in Syria and Yemen beyond public condemnation and threats of sanctions. A ground invasion of<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">into<\/span> Syria would only embolden Iran to prop up Shia proxy militias, to include Hezbollah, and create another decade<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">\u2019<\/span>s long quagmire for the U.S. \u00a0In Yemen, the Houthi rebels, supported by Iran, are <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">also <\/span>currently battling Al <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">&#8211;<\/span>Qai<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">e<\/span>da in the Arabian P<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">p<\/span>eninsula. At times, interests between Iran and the U.S. intersect, allowing the U.S. to limit its involvement militarily and allowing it to focus on the re-emerging great power conflict <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">between the U.S. and <\/span>with China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simply put, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2016\/04\/the-obama-doctrine\/471525\/\">Obama Doctrine<\/a>, as it pertains to the Middle East, <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">simply put- is <\/span>forces<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">ing<\/span> the three regional powers <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Iran <\/span>to figure out a path toward\u00a0solving their own problems without requiring threats of U.S. military action. That current strategy has forced the big three to begin acting unilaterally in the sphere of foreign policy, such as Turkey\u2019s war against <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/2\/11\/10970142\/turkey-us-kurds-erdogan\">the Kurds<\/a> in northern Syria, Saudi Arabia\u2019s execution of Shiite cleric <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2016\/01\/04\/461912757\/who-was-the-shiite-sheikh-executed-by-saudi-arabia\">Nimr<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"rte rte-comment\">A<\/span>al-Nimr<\/a>, which<span class=\"rte rte-comment\"> that<\/span> antagonized Iran, and Iran and Saudi Arabia\u2019s use of <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/01\/06\/this-map-explains-the-saudi-iran-proxy-war\/\">proxy militias<\/a> around the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>The Middle East is certainly at an inflection point, but so is Iran, despite Mattis\u2019 insistence that Iran is not changing. The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2016\/02\/moderates-dominate-council-clerics-iran-elections-160229091044340.html\">recent elections<\/a> in Iran represented <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">witnessed <\/span>a windfall for reformists in the Iranian parliament, and a victory for former President Rafsanjani and current President Rouhani, in the Assembly of Experts, <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">&#8211; <\/span>the <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">C<\/span>council that selects the next Supreme Leader of Iran. The elections have highlighted that Rouhani\u2019s engagement with the West was popular among<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">st<\/span> Iranians and the current Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei, despite negative headlines in the Iranian press that are designed for domestic consumption and to appease<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">ing<\/span> hardliners<span class=\"rte rte-comment\"> in Iran<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the 2009 <a href=\"http:\/\/iranprimer.usip.org\/resource\/green-movement\">Green Movement<\/a> in Iran, the Iranian regime has charted<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">red<\/span> a course for reform in<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">,<\/span> an attempt to stave off <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">a <\/span>collapse of the regime. This new course has seen the election of a reformist candidate, President Rouhani, and the first real tangible victory for a reformist candidate- the nuclear accord with the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the title <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">S<\/span>supreme <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">L<\/span>leader, Khamenei must operate within a political realities<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">y<\/span> and balance the interests of key stakeholders. For much of Iran\u2019s history since the 1979 revolution, hardliners \u2014\u00a0with support of Iran\u2019s intelligence apparatus, <a href=\"http:\/\/iranprimer.usip.org\/resource\/basij-resistance-force\">the Basij<\/a>, and the <a href=\"http:\/\/iranprimer.usip.org\/resource\/revolutionary-guards\">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps<\/a> \u2014\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">(IRGC), <\/span>have maintained a firm grip on power, interjecting themselves into every facet of Iranian life, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/how-irans-mafia-like-revolutionary-guard-rules-the-countrys-black-market-2015-12\">business<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2012\/05\/31\/iran-government-assault-academic-freedom\">education<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That grip on power has slowly been evaporating since<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">after<\/span> the 2009 protests <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">uprising <\/span>against the election of former president Ahmadinejad. Reformist candidates have <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">slowly <\/span>been rising in the ranks and are attempting to change the system to include more <a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/en\/originals\/2014\/04\/irgc-iran-rouhani.html\">privatization<\/a> in the Iranian economy and to loosen the Revolutionary Guard&#8217;s <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">power <\/span>hold on power<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">by the IRGC<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The changing tide<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">s<\/span> in Iran have not been without incident, however; as <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">the <\/span>power has begun <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">begins <\/span>to shift in Iranian domestic politics, the Revolutionary Guard <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">\u00a0the IRGC <\/span>has lashed out in an attempt to embarrass Khamenei and the reformist movement. The capture of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.navytimes.com\/story\/military\/2016\/01\/13\/iran-releases-us-sailors-held-18-hours\/78716802\/\">10 U.S. Navy <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">S<\/span>sailors<\/a> was one such attempt by the IRGC, an organization that at times operates independent of the Iranian government due to\u00a0<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">as a result of <\/span>their role as &#8220;defenders of the revolution.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What Mattis gets wrong about Iran is that Iran is changing internally and has been since 2009. The parallel military\/ intelligence structures, which hold varying political allegiances, between the Ministry of Intelligence and Security<span class=\"rte rte-comment\"> (MOIS)<\/span> and the Revolutionary Guard,<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">IRGC<\/span> complicate the true nature of Iran\u2019s domestic and foreign policy agenda. It is hard to distinguish in <span class=\"rte rte-comment\">from <\/span>Iranian headlines what is designed for domestic consumption and what is Iran\u2019s true position on a particular issue<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">policy front<\/span>. Mattis simply aggregates everything to paint a<span class=\"rte rte-comment\">the<\/span> negative picture that supports his neo-conservative viewpoint on military intervention in the Middle East.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Shawn\u00a0Snow\u00a0is a veteran of the U.S. Marine Corps and a graduate of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, specializing in Central and Southwest Asia. He served 10 years as a signals intelligence analyst and completed multiple tours of duty to Iraq and Afghanistan. The opinions expressed are his own.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mattis simply paints a negative picture to support his neo-conservative viewpoint on military intervention in the Middle East.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":31199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":18,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3412],"class_list":["post-14374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"XXWBU7HBOVE3FLVZVJE557APLM","arc_canonical_url":"\/opinion\/2016\/04\/23\/this-is-what-general-mattis-gets-wrong-about-iran\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented By:"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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