{"id":22099,"date":"2018-07-08T16:12:40","date_gmt":"2018-07-08T16:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/airforcetimes\/uncategorized\/2018\/07\/08\/centennial-of-honor-silver-star-distinguished-service-cross-mark-a-milestone\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T02:06:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T02:06:27","slug":"centennial-of-honor-silver-star-distinguished-service-cross-mark-a-milestone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/airforcetimes\/military-honor\/2018\/07\/08\/centennial-of-honor-silver-star-distinguished-service-cross-mark-a-milestone\/","title":{"rendered":"Centennial of honor: Silver Star, Distinguished Service Cross mark a milestone"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the Distinguished Service Cross and Citation Star \u2014 forerunner of the Silver Star Medal \u2014 were authorized in 1918, Congress declared that those who earned one would see a boost in their monthly military pay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Awardees got $2 a month, per honor \u2014 even with a century\u2019s worth of inflation, that\u2019s still less than $30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many of those early recipients, like the nearly 150,000 who have followed, received their medals posthumously. Some earned them for acts of valor that came <a href=\"https:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/news\/your-marine-corps\/2018\/05\/22\/marine-awarded-silver-star-for-vietnam-heroics-half-a-century-later\/\" target=_blank>years<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/off-duty\/2017\/07\/05\/forgotten-valor-dmz-heroes-wait-years-for-silver-star-honor\/\" target=_blank>even decades<\/a>, before their honors came to light, or cleared any number of paperwork hurdles. Some earned multiple awards from actions separated by hours on the same battlefield, or by years over multiple conflicts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s impossible to tell every story from every honor, but Military Times\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/\" target=_blank>Hall of Valor Project<\/a> comes the closest. It houses data on 13,462 <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/advanced-search?first_name=&#038;last_name=&#038;conflict=&#038;award=2\" target=_blank>Distinguished Service Crosses<\/a>, according to project founder\/curator Doug Sterner, who pegged the DSC database as \u201c99.9 percent complete.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are awards of 87,188 Silver Stars identified in the searchable database, including a basic synopsis for some and the full-text citations for nearly 35,000. Sterner, a Vietnam veteran who has testified before Congress as an expert on valor awards and has published nearly 50 books of military history, estimates between 120,000 and 130,000 Silver and Citation Stars have been awarded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some details you may not know about the awards, some of their more famous recipients, and their century\u2019s worth of history:<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/militarytimes\/news\/your-military\/2018\/05\/23\/soldier-receives-nations-second-highest-award-for-valor-for-quick-thinking-during-jungle-ambush\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"157\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1920px-UH-1D_helicopters_in_Vietnam_1966.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Soldier receives nation\u2019s second highest award for valor for quick thinking during jungle ambush<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">The Distinguished Service Cross was awarded to a former soldier who had single-handedly charged an enemy machine gun nest .<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>1. Great (War) beginnings. <\/b>The July 9, 1918, act of Congress that created the second- and third-highest valor awards also created the Distinguished Service Medal, requiring \u201cexceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility.\u201d But with the nation in the midst of World War I, most of the act focused on military spending \u2026 and not just $2 award stipends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It included more than $237 million for automatic and semiautomatic weapons, for instance, and more than $75.5 million for \u201carmored motor cars.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>2. Citation to medal. <\/b>The Citation Star, which was identified by Congress as \u201ca silver star three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter\u201d would be awarded until 1932, when the War Department, after a successful lobbying effort by then-Army Chief of Staff Gen. <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/hero\/676\" target=_blank>Douglas MacArthur<\/a>, converted the award to a medal, complete with a Citation Star at its heart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MacArthur earned seven Citation Stars during World War I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>3. More crosses. <\/b>The Navy Cross would be authorized in February 1919, less than a year after the DSC. The Distinguished Flying Cross came next, in 1926; it was first awarded to Army Reserve Capt. Charles Lindbergh, after his solo transatlantic flight the next year.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/militarytimes\/off-duty\/2017\/07\/07\/forgotten-valor-database-helps-a-navy-cross-recipient-receive-a-fitting-final-honor\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/navy-lt-jg-victor-laverne-miller.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Forgotten valor: Database helps a Navy Cross recipient receive a fitting final honor<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">The daughter of this naval aviator ended up with her father&#039;s records about a year after her search began.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>4. Most honored. <\/b>MacArthur falls shy of Army Col. <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/hero\/7479\" target=_blank>David Haskell Hackworth<\/a>, who earned 10 Silver Star Medals: Eight from actions in Vietnam and two from the Korean War. Hackworth, who lied about his age to enlist in the Merchant Marine during World War II, also earned two Distinguished Service Crosses for valor in Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>5. More most honored. <\/b>MacArthur had a hand in another Silver Star milestone stemming from the secret resupply mission performed by the submarine Trout in early 1942 to the general\u2019s troops in the Philippines. All 70 crew members received a Silver Star from the Army, as the Navy wouldn\u2019t be authorized to award the medal until later that year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"575\" height=\"310\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1397056450524.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1397056450524.jpg.jpg 575w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1397056450524.jpg.jpg?resize=300,162 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The submarine Trout returns to Pearl Harbor in 1942. Its crew members would all receive Silver Star Medals for their actions during World War II. (Naval History and Heritage Command)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>6. Other services. <\/b>While the Citation Star and later the Silver Star were awarded only by the Army prior to World War II, thousands of service members from other branches claimed the honors. More than 3,000 Marines were awarded Citation Stars for their actions during World War I. And of the dozen Coast Guardsmen to earn Silver Stars for their Vietnam service, two received them from the Army and four from the Air Force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>7. Family tradition. <\/b>Army Brig. Gen. <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/hero\/2922\" target=_blank>Theodore Roosevelt Jr.<\/a> earned the Distinguished Service Cross and two Citation Stars during World War I, then earned two more Silver Stars for his service in North Africa \u2014 on consecutive days \u2014 during World War II. Roosevelt would receive a posthumous Medal of Honor for his actions leading the 4th Infantry Division onto the beaches of Normandy in 1944.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His son, Quentin Roosevelt, earned a Silver Star for his World War II service and also took part in the D-Day invasion of Nazi-occupied France. <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/hero\/2921\" target=_blank>President Theodore Roosevelt<\/a>, Quentin\u2019s grandfather, received a posthumous Medal of Honor in 2001 for his service in the Spanish-American War.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/militarytimes\/uncategorized\/2017\/01\/26\/today-in-history-audie-murphy-makes-a-one-man-stand-against-german-tanks-infantry-in-1945\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/aujdie-murphy.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Today in history: Audie Murphy makes a one-man stand against German tanks, infantry in 1945<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">MoH | Lithuania vs. Russia | Spain | Soviets vs. Germany<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>8. The \u201cBig Three.\u201d<\/b> Roosevelt Jr. is one of 35 men to earn what Sterner calls the \u201cBig Three\u201d valor awards: A Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross (or Navy Cross) and Silver Star Medal. Of those, 15 served in the Army or Army Air Forces, 11 served in the Navy, seven in the Marines and two in the Air Force. The most familiar names: <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/hero\/209\" target=_blank>Audie Murphy<\/a>, who would star in a movie about his own life among dozens of film projects, and <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/hero\/3330\" target=_blank>William J. \u201cWild Bill\u201d Donovan<\/a>, who headed the Office of Strategic Services \u2014 forerunner of both the CIA and modern military special operations \u2014 during World War II.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>July 9, 1918, marked milestone legislation for honoring military valor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":44508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":14,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[101,24,89,14,16,26,67],"tags":[],"coauthors":[792],"class_list":["post-22099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-news-roundup","category-home","category-middle-column","category-military-honor","category-news","category-newsletters","category-your-air-force"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"BPV6VLPGKJDDRGRLGTAM2YNIKE","arc_canonical_url":"\/military-honor\/2018\/07\/08\/centennial-of-honor-silver-star-distinguished-service-cross-mark-a-milestone\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented By:"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Centennial of honor: Silver Star, Distinguished Service Cross mark a milestone - Air Force TImes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"July 9, 1918, marked milestone legislation for honoring military valor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Centennial of honor: Silver Star, Distinguished Service Cross mark a milestone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"July 9, 1918, marked milestone legislation for honoring military valor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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