{"id":76127,"date":"2024-11-30T17:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-30T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/airforcetimes\/uncategorized\/2024\/11\/30\/the-american-woman-who-sculpted-new-faces-for-battle-scarred-wwi-vets\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T16:08:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T16:08:14","slug":"the-american-woman-who-sculpted-new-faces-for-battle-scarred-wwi-vets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/airforcetimes\/news\/your-air-force\/2024\/11\/30\/the-american-woman-who-sculpted-new-faces-for-battle-scarred-wwi-vets\/","title":{"rendered":"The American woman who sculpted new faces for battle-scarred WWI vets"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the world and its soldiers went over the top and straight into mechanized warfare, the horrors of large-caliber machine guns and artillery warfare ushered in a new age of gruesome deaths and horrific injuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">World War I claimed the lives of 8 million men, with another 21 million wounded. An estimated 60,500 British soldiers suffered head or eye injuries, according to a 2011 article in the <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/shm\/article\/24\/3\/666\/1630765?login=true\" target=\"_blank\">British Journal Social History of Medicine<\/a>. The numbers among French and German casualties of war were no doubt similar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond physical disfigurement, the maiming of a generation of men left many with deep psychological wounds as well. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1756\" height=\"1190\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Screen-Shot-2021-08-11-at-1.39.53-PM.png.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-108796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Screen-Shot-2021-08-11-at-1.39.53-PM.png.png 1756w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Screen-Shot-2021-08-11-at-1.39.53-PM.png.png?resize=300,203 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Screen-Shot-2021-08-11-at-1.39.53-PM.png.png?resize=768,520 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Screen-Shot-2021-08-11-at-1.39.53-PM.png.png?resize=1024,694 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Screen-Shot-2021-08-11-at-1.39.53-PM.png.png?resize=1536,1041 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1756px) 100vw, 1756px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Library of Congress)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \u201ceffect on a man who must go through life, an object of horror to himself as well as to others, is beyond description,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/arts-culture\/faces-of-war-145799854\/\" target=\"_blank\">wrote Dr. Fred Albee<\/a>, an American surgeon working in France \u201c\u2026It is a fairly common experience for the maladjusted person to feel like a stranger to his world. It must be unmitigated hell to feel like a stranger to yourself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet with the help of Anna Coleman Ladd, an American socialite and sculptor turned Red Cross volunteer, some soldiers were once again able to face themselves \u2014 and the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brought to France through her husband and appointed to direct the Children\u2019s Bureau of the American Red Cross in Toul during the war, Ladd drew on her talents as a sculptor \u2014 she specialized in decorative fountains \u2014 to found the Studio for Portrait Masks in Paris in late 1917.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inspired by British sculptor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/an-american-sculptors-masks-restored-french-soldiers-disfigured-in-world-war-i\/2014\/09\/22\/4748b8d4-38ec-11e4-9c9f-ebb47272e40e_story.html?itid=lk_interstitial_manual_19\" target=\"_blank\">Francis Derwent Wood<\/a>, who, in March 1916, started making masks for disfigured British soldiers, Ladd wondered if she could replicate something similar in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With plastic surgery still in its infancy, only so much could be done to repair destroyed jaws and missing noses, mouths and eyes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cOne man who came to us had been wounded 2 1\/ 2 years before and had never been home,\u201d according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aaa.si.edu\/collections\/anna-coleman-ladd-papers-10600\/more-information\" target=\"_blank\">1919 report from Ladd\u2019s studio<\/a>. \u201cHe did not want his mother to see how badly he looked.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/FB93A078-3E18-4E1F-9211-2D141B2A118E.jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-108802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/FB93A078-3E18-4E1F-9211-2D141B2A118E.jpeg.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/FB93A078-3E18-4E1F-9211-2D141B2A118E.jpeg.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/FB93A078-3E18-4E1F-9211-2D141B2A118E.jpeg.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/FB93A078-3E18-4E1F-9211-2D141B2A118E.jpeg.jpg?resize=768,768 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Library of Congress)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patients who found their way to Ladd\u2019s studio were treated to immense attention and care. A single mask created by Ladd required a month of detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe mask itself would be fashioned of galvanized copper one thirty-second of an inch thick \u2014 or as a lady visitor to Ladd\u2019s studio remarked, \u2018the thinness of a visiting card,\u2019\u201d according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/arts-culture\/faces-of-war-145799854\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Smithsonian Magazine<\/i><\/a>. \u201cDepending upon whether it covered the entire face, or as was often the case, only the upper or lower half, the mask weighed between four and nine ounces and was generally held on by spectacles.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Calling the men her \u201cbrave faceless ones,\u201d Ladd often worked with pre-injury photos to model her plaster cast as closely to the patient\u2019s original appearance as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real difficulty lay in finding the right paint that had staying power \u2014 oil paint chipped too easily \u2014 and matched the color of the skin. Ladd found success in using a hard enamel that was easily washable and that, when painted on, had a dull, flesh-like finish. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the Smithsonian, Ladd painted the mask while the man himself was wearing it so as to match skin tones as closely as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CB759300-BEE4-4A67-B0F8-AF9E1B544E43.jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-108806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CB759300-BEE4-4A67-B0F8-AF9E1B544E43.jpeg.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CB759300-BEE4-4A67-B0F8-AF9E1B544E43.jpeg.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CB759300-BEE4-4A67-B0F8-AF9E1B544E43.jpeg.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/CB759300-BEE4-4A67-B0F8-AF9E1B544E43.jpeg.jpg?resize=768,768 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(Library of Congress)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cSkin hues, which look bright on a dull day, show pallid and gray in bright sunshine, and somehow an average has to be struck,\u201d wrote Grace Harper, the chief of the Bureau for the Reeducation of Mutil\u00e9s. \u201cThe artist has to pitch her tone for both bright and cloudy weather and has to imitate the bluish tinge of shaven cheeks.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the end of 1919 Ladd and her four assistants were able to produce 185 masks for disfigured French soldiers. And while that number seemingly pales in comparison to the staggering number of wounded, the impact among those 185 was monumental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aaa.si.edu\/search\/collections?page=1&#038;edan_q=Anna%2BLadd%2BColeman&#038;stype=search-collections\" target=\"_blank\">housed at the Smithsonian<\/a> are a number of ephemera, photographs and letters of Ladd\u2019s. Largely written in French, the sculptor received countless letters from men who were once grim casualties of war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI owe you great gratitude &#8230; for I wear and will always &#8230; wear the marvelous device that you created,\u201d one soldier wrote. \u201cThanks to you I can live again. Thanks to you I haven\u2019t buried myself in the depths of a hospital for the disabled.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another reads, \u201cThanks to you, I will have a home. \u2026 The woman I love no longer finds me repulsive, <i>as she had a right to do<\/i>. &#8230; She will be my wife.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historynet.com\/the-american-woman-who-sculpted-new-faces-for-the-battle-scarred-warriors-of-wwi\/?f\" target=\"_blank\"><i>This story was originally published on HistoryNet.com<\/i><\/a><i>. <\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The horrors of large-caliber machine guns and artillery warfare ushered in a new age of gruesome deaths and injuries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":108785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":67,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[101,86,16,26,21,67],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3402],"class_list":["post-76127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-news-roundup","category-military-history","category-news","category-newsletters","category-veterans","category-your-air-force"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"YOG2RG7AKZATHH73T3ETUS335E","arc_canonical_url":"\/news\/your-military\/2024\/11\/30\/the-american-woman-who-sculpted-new-faces-for-battle-scarred-wwi-vets\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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