{"id":51075,"date":"2020-06-25T20:24:26","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T20:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/armytimes\/uncategorized\/2020\/06\/25\/a-brief-history-of-the-korean-war\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T04:12:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T04:12:25","slug":"a-brief-history-of-the-korean-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/armytimes\/veterans\/military-history\/2020\/06\/25\/a-brief-history-of-the-korean-war\/","title":{"rendered":"A brief history of the Korean War"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

june 25 marks the 70th anniversary of the Korean War \u2014 it is perhaps the conflict paid the least attention in contemporary history. As such, it is also known as the \u201cForgotten War\u201d or the \u201cUnknown War\u201d to most, save those who fought in it. Because of this status, the details surrounding the war, why it took place and its aftermath, are presented more as a Cold War footnote in Western world history lessons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why war broke out in Korea<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union liberated annexed Korea<\/a>, then one country, from the Japanese. The U.S. and the Soviets then split the nation into two occupation zones: North and South, with the U.S. advising the south as it transitioned to a republic<\/b> and the Soviets taking the north and installing communist leader Kim Il Sung, grandfather to current Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un. As the Cold War began, two sovereign countries were then effectively established in 1948 \u2014 the south as a republican state, and the north, communist. The border between the two was named the 38th parallel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces, the Korean People\u2019s Army, backed by China and the Soviet Union, crossed the 38th parallel into South Korea. Their plan was simple: unify the Korean Peninsula once more, but under the Kim\u2019s rule. It would make Korea the first battleground of the Cold War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a result, the newly formed United Nations and its Security Council authorized the dispatch of forces to quell the conflict. It was a physical war fought about differing philosophies: Communism versus capitalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the best minds in the world had set out to find us the worst possible location in the world to fight this damnable war, the unanimous choice would have been Korea,\u201d then-Secretary of State Dean Acheson<\/a> said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who fought?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Though the United States made up the bulk of the fighting force duringthe Korean War with nearly 5.3 million troops<\/a> deployed worldwide by its end, more than 55 nations contributed<\/a> to the South Korean cause with troops, supplies, or other forms of aid. Twenty-one countries participated militarily. The South Korean forces, which formed the Republic of Korea Army, were established in August 1948, with Syngman Rhee as president. By the end of the conflict, 30,000 ROKA<\/a> were lost to the cause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the course of the three-year war, more than three million troops North Korean, Chinese and Russian troops<\/a> participated in what would become a gruesome border war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe toll of the war<\/a> included about 1.2 million deaths in South Korea, 1 million deaths in North Korea, 36,500 deaths for U.S. troops and 600,000 deaths for Chinese soldiers,\u201d CNN reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The border dispute, which erupted into a full-on war, though considered \u201cforgotten\u201d set the stage for some of the most famous, gruesome battles in modern military history. It was host to the Battle of Bloody Ridge, the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, and the Battle of Inchon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first, Bloody Ridge, in the midst of the war\u2019s 1951 stalemate, lasted three weeks and produced 2,700 UN casualties<\/a>, but 15,000 for the opposing side<\/a>. The fight at the Chosin Reservoir, often referred to as the most harrowing of the Korean War\u2019s battles, which redefined heroism as shown by U.S. Marines, battling frigid weather and fighting in the harshest terrain<\/a> Korea had to offer. Inchon \u2014 a shining moment for U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, was the amphibious landing that \u201creversed the tide of the war<\/a>, forcing the invading North Korean army to retreat in disorder up the Korean peninsula,\u201d according to Encyclopaedia Britannica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After three harsh years of fighting countless battles, with troops lost to countries all around the globe, a ceasefire was reached. On July 27, 1953, U.S. Army Lt. Gen. William K. Harrison, Jr. and North Korean Gen. Nam Il, signed 18 copies of the official Korean Armistice Agreement<\/a>, in three languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Armistice, however, was not a permanent peace treaty between the two nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why it\u2019s important today<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Armistice ended all hostilities in Korea by armed forces, no peace treaty has ever been signed between the North and South Korean governments to re-establish relations. In essence, the war never ended. However, a demilitarized zone, DMZ, was created by adding 1.2 miles along each side of the 38th parralel, but both sides maintain strong military presence there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The countries have intermittently experienced periods of conciliation and outright hostility over the last 70 years. Some family members remain trapped on opposing sides of the border.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As North Korea\u2019s saber-rattling has ramped up surrounding its development of nuclear programs, there continues to be a strong U.S. military presence \u2014 reportedly 28,500<\/a> \u2014 in South Korea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, tensions are rising as \u201cthe international shutdown of goods and services has accomplished more decimation of the North Korean economy than any sanctions regime,\u201d according to Alexis Dudden, professor of history at UConn<\/a>. \u201cThe country that has done extremely well [with the pandemic] is South Korea. The obverse of that is North Korea says, we don\u2019t have any cases. We know that not to be true because officials were executed at the beginning of the pandemic for not following protocol. I have no inside knowledge. Nobody does.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for the prospect of peace, it\u2019s unlikely, she notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithout a peace treaty to end the Korean War, there can be no tractionable change,\u201d Dudden said. \u201cI just have no idea whether there is the will to make this happen.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The “Forgotten War” in Korea broke out 70 years ago along the 38th parallel. 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