{"id":12573,"date":"2019-12-03T21:21:32","date_gmt":"2019-12-03T21:21:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2019\/12\/03\/when-do-cyberattacks-deserve-a-response-from-nato\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T17:44:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T17:44:25","slug":"when-do-cyberattacks-deserve-a-response-from-nato","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/home\/2019\/12\/03\/when-do-cyberattacks-deserve-a-response-from-nato\/","title":{"rendered":"When do cyberattacks deserve a response from NATO?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What kind of cyberattack would trigger a response from NATO?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That question, on so called Article 5 intrusions, has intrigued cybersecurity experts since the organization declared cyberspace a domain of warfare in 2016. But a more immediate question may be how NATO and its member nations confront the daily cyber events that never rise to the threshold of armed attacks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI actually don\u2019t think that the biggest problem is when Article 5 is triggered or not \u2026 It is all the activity that is taking place the threshold of armed attack yet is still strategically meaningful,\u201d Max Smeets, senior researcher at ETH Zurich Center for Security Studies, said Dec. 3 at the NATO Engages think tank event in London. \u201cThat is something that NATO is grappling with today and how to respond to that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These attacks been a concern within the United States as well, which has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fifthdomain.com\/dod\/2019\/11\/11\/two-years-in-how-has-a-new-strategy-changed-cyber-operations\/\" target=_blank>lead to new approaches<\/a> that involve daily engagement in cyberspace as a way to confront or delay these events.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/home\/2019\/11\/20\/here-are-the-problems-offensive-cyber-poses-for-nato\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12_special_mainvertical-Cropped.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Here are the problems offensive cyber poses for NATO<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Speaking at CyCon U.S., international legal experts expressed some doubts regarding how seamless cyber can be integrated into NATO operations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But aggressor nations are using cyberspace to achieve their strategic goals and doing so by disguising their identity or where the attacks are coming from. Such activity makes it more difficult for the NATO alliance to respond to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is &#8220;very difficult for the alliance, NATO, because the means used are not the standard forms of military aggression,\u201d Teija Tiilikainen, director of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, said at the event. \u201cWe know that it is attacks against critical infrastructure, it is attacks against the information environment, it is forms of aggression that don\u2019t fall into the fields of NATO\u2019s competencies. This is a difficulty for NATO because when we compare the forms of aggression with any other types of traditional aggression, it is a question of essential threats, in this case, but it is much more difficult for the alliance to find the proper responses from the instruments at its disposal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each state can determine how they view the application of international law in these emerging spaces, said Klara Jordan, executive director of the European Union and Africa at the Global Cyber Alliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cStates have a huge responsibility to talk about their understanding of international law \u2026 That\u2019s how you create the understanding of what it would be that would facilitate answering those questions,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/battlefield-tech\/it-networks-battlefield-tech\/2019\/11\/21\/what-is-sovereignty-in-cyberspace-depends-who-you-ask\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/44495746321_2358eed153_k.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">What is \u2018sovereignty\u2019 in cyberspace? Depends who you ask<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Nations still don&#039;t fully agree on where lines in cyberspace are, potentially posing challenges for cooperation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As an example, Jordan mentioned the position taken by the UK attorney general, who acknowledged in May 2018 that a cyber operation, no matter how hostile, never violates sovereignty. On the other hand, the French outlined a stance in September 2019 that remote cyber operations that cause effects are, indeed, a violation of sovereignty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United States has yet to officially state an opinion on this subject.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The biggest concern for the NATO alliance might not be agreeing on a framework for when collective defense is triggered from a cyberattack, but rather, how can the alliance address daily cyber events that fall below the level of armed conflict?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":39355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":{"10":{"categories":["nato-2020-defined","smr"],"primary_category":"nato-2020-defined"}}},"categories":[106,29,32],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3268],"class_list":["post-12573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-brief","category-home","category-newsletters"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"PF6TX3SDZJF2JO7I2BHCKMIANM","arc_canonical_url":"\/international\/2019\/12\/03\/when-do-cyberattacks-deserve-a-response-from-nato\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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