{"id":14465,"date":"2022-01-20T21:01:56","date_gmt":"2022-01-20T21:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2022\/01\/20\/new-nato-policy-positions-the-alliance-as-a-broker-not-an-owner-in-space-race\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T21:50:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T21:50:02","slug":"new-nato-policy-positions-the-alliance-as-a-broker-not-an-owner-in-space-race","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/space\/2022\/01\/20\/new-nato-policy-positions-the-alliance-as-a-broker-not-an-owner-in-space-race\/","title":{"rendered":"New NATO policy positions the alliance as a broker, not an owner, in space race"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">STUTTGART, Germany \u2013 Amid the global race toward a militarized space domain, NATO sees its role firmly planted as a coordinator and interlocutor amidst its member states, but demurs from becoming a space-based actor itself, a recently released document shows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the past several years, leaders from the alliance and its 30 member states have declared space an operational domain, trumpeting the need for more holistic and coordinated technology investments. NATO\u2019s \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/official_texts_190862.htm?selectedLocale=en\"><u>overarching space policy<\/u><\/a><i>\u201d \u2013 <\/i>which was established in 2019 but made publicly available for the first time on Monday \u2013 represents a big step for the alliance to finally codify the importance of the space domain for its wider interests and activities. But certain vague language also makes clear that the partners still diverge in how NATO can concretely involve itself in space, observers said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The document tries to strike \u201ca balanced tone,\u201d acknowledging the need for NATO to be an active player in the space domain, while shying away from the notion that the alliance is militarizing space, \u201cgiven sensitivities among allies on this concept,\u201d said Lauren Speranza, director of the Transatlantic Defense and Security program at the Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over six pages, NATO describes itself as a point of contact for its members\u2019 ambitions in the space domain, focusing on several \u201ckey roles\u201d where it can serve a coordinating function and as a forum for discussion. The document says the alliance \u201crequires\u201d space systems in specific capability areas, but won\u2019t become an \u201cautonomous space actor,\u201d or develop its own platforms for use in the domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Where\u2019s the investment?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The capability areas include: space situational awareness; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR); space-based monitoring of Earth-based domains; satellite communications; position, navigation, and timing; and shared early-warning assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A NATO official confirmed to Defense News on Wednesday that the alliance has no intent to collectively develop space-related capabilities for the foreseeable future, noting that it\u2019s more affordable to pay for relevant services when needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s a missed opportunity, said Nicholas Nelson, a senior fellow with CEPA\u2019s Transatlantic Defense and Security program. NATO has developed its own sovereign capabilities before \u2013 most notably its fleet of Boeing E-3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \u201cvast majority\u201d of NATO members don\u2019t have access to sophisticated space equipment, and having access to a joint asset, such as a common satellite bus, would be \u201cvalue-accretive, both for the cohesion of the alliance, as well as the capabilities,\u201d he noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The document overall provides key insight into NATO\u2019s collective thinking of the space domain, said Simona Soare, a research fellow for defense and military analysis at the International Institute for Strategic Studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe focus on interoperability and sharing best practices is welcomed as key to the allies\u2019 and the alliance\u2019s ability to ensure its core tasks, most important of which remains collective defense, in a context in which an increasing number of allies and partners are considering developing their own space capabilities and assets,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The policy release follows <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/artificial-intelligence\/2021\/03\/14\/artificial-intelligence-leads-natos-new-strategy-for-emerging-and-disruptive-tech\/\"><u>the alliance\u2019s concerted focus in recent years on seven so-called \u201cemerging and disruptive technologies,\u201d or EDTs.<\/u><\/a><i> <\/i>NATO has advocated for its 30-strong members to invest more holistically and strategically in these EDTs, and this year, the alliance released \u2013 or made public \u2013 three related policies, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/digital-show-dailies\/feindef\/2021\/11\/03\/nato-ups-the-ante-on-disruptive-tech-artificial-intelligence\/\"><u>on artificial intelligence<\/u><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/europe\/2021\/12\/14\/nato-looking-at-holistic-path-to-boost-cyber-defense-arsenal\/\"><u>on cyber<\/u><\/a>, and now on space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Where\u2019s the red line?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The space policy is essentially the same document that the alliance agreed upon in 2019, the NATO official told Defense News. The main update comes toward the end of the document, in a section that describes how members agreed that attacks to, from, or within space on an ally could trigger an Article 5 decision on a \u201ccase-by-case basis.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the publicly released document still provides scant details about how NATO allies actually plan to respond to hybrid threats in and from space, likely because member-nations don\u2019t completely agree on where the red lines should be, analysts noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI think the possible response options are less fleshed out in space, and allies will be less comfortable reaching consensus and taking action,\u201d Speranza said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NATO has purposefully maintained ambiguity about its red lines in other operational domains. The alliance\u2019s new cyber policy, released in June, revealed the decision to consider that certain \u201clower-level\u201d malicious cyber attacks by the same threat actor can be as destructive as a single, large-scale cyber attack, and could, at least in theory, trigger the treaty\u2019s Article 5 collective defense mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The document also avoids naming any specific state or non-state actors as threats in the space domain, and focuses instead on the types of capabilities and effects that could threaten allies in space. This could be related to differences of perspective among the allies when it comes to responding to these actors with either dialogue, or deterrence, Soare said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>More to come?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parts of the new space policy make clear that NATO\u2019s role in the domain is still a work in progress. A section involving \u201cdeterrence, defense, and resilience\u201d states that the alliance \u201cwill consider\u201d a range of \u201cpotential\u201d options to counter threats against a member state in space, and that NATO \u201cshould develop\u201d a common understanding of concepts \u201csuch as the role of space in crisis or conflict.\u201d Certain guidelines \u201cwill need to be developed\u201d on the way to secure NATO\u2019s access to space data, products and capabilities, it adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s critical that NATO eventually establishes common terminology for its EDTs, but finding agreement there may be one of the biggest obstacles for the alliance to really define its collective space strategy, Nelson said. \u201cThe nomenclature they use for space \u2013 as well as cyber \u2013 still differs when you\u2019re talking to different stakeholders.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While individual member nations like the United States, France, and the United Kingdom have already developed their own defense-related space doctrines, a collective NATO strategy is still in progress, the alliance official explained. But this space policy is meant as a lasting policy, and the goal is to now implement that policy through concrete actions, like completing the nascent NATO Space Center at Ramstein Air Base in Germany and launching the future NATO space center of excellence in Toulouse, France, according to the official.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Analysts expect NATO to more concretely define its stance on space in future documents, and certainly in the lead-up to the 2022 summit, to be held in June in Madrid. There, leaders plan to unveil the alliance\u2019s new \u201cStrategic Concept\u201d white paper, the first update since 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI am optimistic about the direction NATO is going,\u201d Nelson said. \u201cI would like them to move faster, \u2026 but with that said, this is a good first step.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The document, which mostly hails from 2019 but was only published now, stakes out a broad vision for space but hedges on the details.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":28727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":37,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[7,106,29,32,37],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3329],"class_list":["post-14465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-battlefield-tech","category-daily-brief","category-home","category-newsletters","category-space"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"2HD34WGXGNFG7LIAOIJEAFU5AI","arc_canonical_url":"\/global\/europe\/2022\/01\/20\/new-nato-policy-positions-the-alliance-as-a-broker-not-an-owner-in-space-race\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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