{"id":14902,"date":"2018-11-26T19:19:52","date_gmt":"2018-11-26T19:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2018\/11\/26\/why-cyberspace-demands-an-always-on-approach\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T17:51:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T17:51:08","slug":"why-cyberspace-demands-an-always-on-approach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/cyber\/2018\/11\/26\/why-cyberspace-demands-an-always-on-approach\/","title":{"rendered":"Why cyberspace demands an always-on approach"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The U.S. government has determined it must remain constantly engaged in cyberspace in response to the steps other countries and non-state actors are taking online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enemies are participating in economic espionage, theft of intellectual property and sowing distrust in society and American institutions, all of which take place below the threshold of armed conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cA lot of the actions in cyberspace fall well below the threshold of use of force or anything like that. That\u2019s our day-to-day life,\u201d Army Brig. Gen. Jennifer Buckner, director of cyber within the Army\u2019s G-3\/5\/7, told Fifth Domain in a November interview.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As such, U.S. Cyber Command has decided it needs a constant approach, a philosophy it has dubbed persistent engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/home\/2018\/11\/14\/is-the-defense-departments-entire-vision-of-cybersecurity-wrong\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/cyber-cover-1.JPG.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Is the Defense Department\u2019s entire vision of cybersecurity wrong?<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">One top official believes the physical world is not analogous to the cyber world.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThat idea of persistent engagement, maintaining contact in order to shape the space, I think that realization of the operating environment &#8230; [is] you really have to be engaged all of the time both offensively and defensively,\u201d Buckner said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Officials have also said persistent engagement involves <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fifthdomain.com\/dod\/cybercom\/2018\/10\/26\/an-innovative-partnership-could-help-cyber-command-fight-malware\/\" target=_blank>persistent partnerships<\/a> and persistent innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As an example, Brig. Gen. Stephen Hager, deputy commander of operations for the cyber national mission force within U.S. Cyber Command, pointed to the public posting of malware the cyber national mission force discovers through operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/it-networks\/2018\/11\/06\/how-cyberspace-makes-the-dod-think-differently\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"176\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4259926.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">How cyberspace makes the DoD think differently<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Key Pentagon leaders assert nontraditional partnerships are critical in competing against top threats.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hager said they \u201couted\u201d the malware, posting it to an online forum for the cybersecurity community to identify where it came from, know what it is and if it\u2019s being used maliciously in other areas as a means of blocking it. This is a slightly different way to \u201cimpose cost on an adversary,\u201d Hager said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hager also noted that the mission in cyberspace might be enduring, much like the counterterrorism mission or general defense of the homeland. In other words, there is no immediate conclusion in sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAll we\u2019re trying to do is go, \u2018Hey there\u2019s going to be a cost to doing this.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But he added that that despite expanded authorities, Cyber Command has not been provoking other nations wherever it wants around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe still have a number of checks and balances through the interagency and higher-level authorities above the military chain of command because we do operate within the legal confines that the U.S. government has put on us,\u201d he said. \u201cWe\u2019re not just a bunch of cowboys running out there and I can\u2019t necessary say some of our adversaries follow those rules.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Risk of escalation?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This approach is welcomed by many in the defense and national security community, but experts caution it may also ratchet up tensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe case of China\u2019s industrial espionage, none of that to me \u2026 individually rose above that level [of armed conflict], but there\u2019s this interesting question around collectively did it?\u201d Andrew Grotto, a researcher fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and former senior White House cybersecurity policy adviser, told reporters in October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He added that while he doesn\u2019t believe China\u2019s industrial espionage rose above the level of armed conflict, that doesn\u2019t mean the U.S. government shouldn\u2019t care. He said that an inappropriate, and potentially escalatory, response would be to disable all the People\u2019s Liberation Army\u2019s computers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the malicious activity associated with Russia\u2019s interference in the 2016 presidential election, collectively, the U.S. government decided those digital operations did not rise above the threshold of war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, Grotto said certain retaliatory measures against other nations could be subjectively perceived as rising above this threshold. \u201cIt\u2019s a social construct. The definition [of war] is what we make of it,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, he said that China might view some kind of an attack on its so-called Great Firewall \u2014 the mechanism allowing China to sensor the internet for its citizens blocking many Western websites \u2014 as a major escalation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hager said a variety of factors go into crafting responses against actors. He explained there is an assessment of what that the risk could be to U.S. infrastructure or tools, the adversary\u2019s infrastructure and tools, as well as the political ramifications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While typically a nation doesn\u2019t want to get caught performing foreign intelligence collection, Hager said this calculus might not be the same for a military organization such as Cyber Command, especially if leaders \u201cwant to demonstrate capability, will and intent to my adversary to deter them from getting to the kinetic fight.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Part of the calculation might be that the United States wants a particular target to know that it is being retaliated against, Hager said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cyber Command has said that the constant threat from adversaries will require persistent engagement below the threshold of conflict.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":46978,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":10,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[10,106,29,32],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3268],"class_list":["post-14902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cyber","category-daily-brief","category-home","category-newsletters"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"HYIB246PDRDAPLO7JJZ2ITDTRQ","arc_canonical_url":"\/dod\/cybercom\/2018\/11\/26\/why-cyberspace-demands-an-always-on-approach\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented By:"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why cyberspace demands an always-on approach - C4ISRNet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cyber Command has said that the constant threat from adversaries will require persistent engagement below the threshold of conflict.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why cyberspace demands an always-on approach\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cyber Command has said that the constant threat from adversaries will require persistent engagement below the threshold of conflict.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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