{"id":17706,"date":"2019-01-28T21:15:57","date_gmt":"2019-01-28T21:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2019\/01\/28\/why-note-cards-cant-simulate-a-cyberattack\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T18:06:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T18:06:21","slug":"why-note-cards-cant-simulate-a-cyberattack","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/cyber\/2019\/01\/28\/why-note-cards-cant-simulate-a-cyberattack\/","title":{"rendered":"Why note cards can\u2019t simulate a cyberattack"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When American soldiers train for a cyberattack on the battlefield, they often use note cards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the U.S. military prides itself on being the best trained fighting force in the world, some national security experts are concerned the rudimentary training methods to simulate a cyberattack show the United States is not prepared for future battles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cCyber injects are often done via white carding, which is the literal use of a note card intended to represent cyber friction,\u201d wrote Jennifer McArdle, a non-resident fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, <a href=\"https:\/\/csbaonline.org\/uploads\/documents\/Victory_Over_and_Across_Domains.pdf\" target=_blank>in a new paper.<\/a> The document, titled \u201cVictory over and across domains: Training for tomorrow\u2019s battlefield,&#8221; was released Jan. 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentagon officials, who have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fifthdomain.com\/smr\/ausa-cyber\/2018\/10\/09\/how-russian-hybrid-warfare-changed-the-pentagons-perspective\/\" target=_blank>quietly monitored<\/a> Russia\u2019s use of hybrid warfare in eastern Ukraine, envision a future fighting environment where traditional land battles are combined with cyberattacks and jammed radio frequencies. But McArdle identified gaps in how the American military trains for this future combined warfare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cTraining today is not providing warfighters the kind of experience they need to fight in a complex battle space,\u201d McArdle told Fifth Domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, traditional warfighters do not experience the effect of a cyber attack in live training. McArdle said that cyber and traditional fighting training environments are separated, rather than integrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, traditional soldiers rarely train together with cyber-specific troops rather than working together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For McArdle, the twin deficiencies mean that American military troops may be unprepared for new tactics of battle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cA common mantra within the U.S. military has been to \u2018train as you fight,\u2019\u201d McArdle wrote. \u201cYet, live training fails to replicate with fidelity the type of cyber and informationized operations that warfighters will experience in a contested and complex battlespace.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe don\u2019t have an environment where cyber warriors can train alongside non-cyber fighters. This must be done in a synthetic environment, but that is not available today,\u201d McArdle told Fifth Domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One reason for the training gap is because live training of a cyberattack can have \u201ccascading effects\u201d and cause lasting damage, McArdle said. It is considered a non-starter. Another is that different services have different training philosophies. McArdle gave the example of how the Air Force trains its members with a \u201cplatforms\u201d based approach, like an F-35 simulator, while the Army has a \u201cmission\u201d focused training ideology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But perhaps the most significant reason is that knowledge of what may happen to soldiers&#8217; equipment during a cyberattack is a closely held secret. Because of classification issues, those who understand how electronic warfare might interrupt a soldiers&#8217; gear may not be able to explain it in an unclassified setting to those creating a simulation. The dispersed knowledge makes it difficult to create a realistic training environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But McArdle\u2019s research says it is possible to create a realistic simulation for these hybrid environments using unclassified information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Near-peer adversaries, such as China, Russia, Iran and North Korea \u201cdo publish some strategic or doctrinal documents that provide some indication of how they may employ cyber capabilities in a conflict,\u201d McArdle wrote. \u201cThese capabilities should help to inform assessments of the blended strategies, combining kinetic and non-kinetic attacks, that adversaries may adopt in the event of conflict.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the Pentagon, NATO forces are also researching how to simulate cyberattacks on the battlefield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe need to start linking the cyber and non-cyber environments together if we want to be effective.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Pentagon&#8217;s rudimentary training methods to prepare for cyberwar have raised concern that the United States will not be prepared for future battles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9800,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":10,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"coauthors":[2917],"class_list":["post-17706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cyber"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"JLTFPWF46RE2JHVXPQOM4254HI","arc_canonical_url":"\/dod\/2019\/01\/28\/why-note-cards-cant-simulate-a-cyberattack\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented By:"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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