{"id":18184,"date":"2019-07-25T18:20:21","date_gmt":"2019-07-25T18:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2019\/07\/25\/what-the-future-holds-for-cyber-command\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T17:54:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T17:54:52","slug":"what-the-future-holds-for-cyber-command","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/it-networks\/2019\/07\/25\/what-the-future-holds-for-cyber-command\/","title":{"rendered":"What the future holds for Cyber Command"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cyber Command\u2019s mission and portfolio has expanded and evolved. The nature of cyberspace means the Department of Defense\u2019s cyberwarriors are facing new challenges every day. But the future of Cyber Command, an organization whose workforce and capabilities have grown rapidly, remains uncertain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cyber Command was born out of an effort to consolidate the Department of Defense\u2019s cyber efforts under a single entity to protect U.S. military networks.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link smg-interstitial-link--fallback wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hub.c4isrnet.com\/ebooks\/history-of-cyber-command\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__fallback-link\">10 Years of Evolution: The History of U.S. Cyber Command<\/a><\/aside>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFor the first 20-odd years [of cyber within DoD] it was about this struggle to try to do defense better,\u201d Jason Healey, senior research scholar at Columbia University specializing in cyber, told Fifth Domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The catalyst to create Cyber Command came after a 2008 intrusion dubbed Operation Buckshot Yankee. At that time, Defense Department personnel inserted thumb drives they found in parking lots overseas into their devices and spread malware throughout the secret and unclassified Pentagon network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buckshot Yankee \u201cwas the straw that broke the camel\u2019s back. Senior leadership said, \u2018This can never happen again,\u2019\u201d John Davis, federal chief security officer for Palo Alto Networks and a former senior military adviser for cyber to the under secretary of defense for policy, told Fifth Domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFor defensive reasons, the decision was made to create an organization that could combine these authorities and resources \u2014 offense, defense, operations of the network and intelligence \u2014 all into one organization,\u201d he added. \u201cThat was the reason behind Cyber Command. It wasn\u2019t to go out and be offensive, it was purely defensive in nature.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">USING CYBER FORCES<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leaders at Cyber Command spent much of the past decade building the workforce \u2014 the 133 offensive, defensive and support teams that conduct operations \u2014 as well as improving the capabilities and cyber tools needed to conduct those operations. At the same time, however, the organization was reliant on the National Security Agency for infrastructure, some tools and some personnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now, Cyber Command is transitioning from building its force to building out the necessary infrastructure the department needs to conduct cyber operations and to do so independent from the NSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Officials say a ready force and the fact that cyber is now becoming more commonplace means that cyber capabilities will likely be used more as an instrument of U.S. and military power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Pentagon leaders first developed Cyber Command, officials debated whether cyberwarfare would provide a strategic deterrent on par with nuclear weapons or whether it would become a game changer at the operational level, Jacquelyn Schneider, assistant professor at the Center for Naval Warfare Studies at the Naval War College, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn some ways, the desire to make cyber so strategic and so important really delayed \u2014 or stymied \u2014 the integration of cyber operations at an operational level because what policy makers heard when they heard Armageddon,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pearl Harbor, strategic \u2026 is \u2018This is something that is really important and we need to control it,\u2019\u201d she said, adding she was not speaking for the War College or the Defense Department.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While cyber capabilities are becoming more commonplace within the geographic combatant commands through new planning cells, some have questioned how much of a difference the cyber domain will be in a conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt\u2019s still largely unproven how cyber is going to impact the battlefield,\u201d Healey said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He pointed to a recent workshop in which participants tried to understand cyber effects on the battlefield. An operation could be successful or it might not if the targets patch their systems beforehand. Such scenarios leave open a wide range of outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cCyber advantages always proved fleeting. Moreover, any cyberattack launched on its own was close to useless,\u201d James Lacey, professor of strategic studies at the Marine Corps War College, wrote in a recent blog post about a student wargame he organized this year. \u201cOn the other hand, targeted cyberattacks combined with maneuver forces always proved to be a deadly combination.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CYBER COMMAND\u2019S NEW APPROACH<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the Pentagon \u2014 and by extension Cyber Command \u2014 have always been tasked to protect domestic targets as if they were protecting the United States from incoming missiles launched by a foreign adversary, the homeland focus has become much more prominent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYou\u2019ve seen an evolution from [a] very strategic focused command to a command that\u2019s [&#8230;] primary focus is domestic,\u201d Schneider said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cyber Command\u2019s latest command vision stated that adversaries are exploiting cyberspace on a daily basis and doing so below the threshold of armed conflict. As a result, \u201cin order to improve security and stability, we need a new approach,\u201d it read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new operating concept is called persistent engagement and it aims to meet adversaries in cyberspace on a daily basis below the threshold of conflict. A key pillar to the concept is what Cyber Command calls \u201cdefend forward,\u201d essentially battling adversaries in networks as far away from the United States as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Top Defense Department leaders have said this philosophy takes advantage of the Pentagon\u2019s unique authorities to act outside U.S. networks as a way to defend the homeland from cyber threats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some experts have noted that the Department of Defense isn\u2019t operating in domestic networks, but rather trying to thwart attacks before they get to the United States. However, others contend that the new approach and authorities might embolden decision makers to rely on cyberwarriors for a new host of problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI get some feeling that it\u2019s now the U.S. Hammer Command. That everyone\u2019s looking around saying we\u2019ve built the forces, how are we going to use them,\u201d Healey said. \u201c\u2019Oh, I know, we can use them these ways.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">New authorities from Congress and the White House have made it easier for DoD to gain approval for cyber operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAm I focused on the [integrated air defense systems] or am I focused on the railroads,\u201d Schneider said, pointing to discussions several years ago that focused on whether to pursue purely military targets or quasi-civilian targets. \u201cI think today the debate is more about am I focused on the railroads or am I focused on our railroads?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cyber Command\u2019s highest profile mission to date was protecting the 2018 midterm elections following Russia\u2019s influence operation during the 2016 presidential election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The persistent engagement and defend forward concepts are still nascent and will take some time to discern how effective they will be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI get the feeling when I talk to Cyber Command folks that they feel like they\u2019ve got this figured out. That we\u2019ve got forward defense, we\u2019ve got the operating concept, we\u2019ve got the forces, just let us get on with this because it\u2019s solved,\u201d Healey said. \u201cThat worries me.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Healey was also clear to point out that the notion the old approach did not work and needed to be tweaked to this more active posture, is true only if it\u2019s limited to a narrow set of what others have done to the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWho after Stuxnet, who after the revelations by Snowden of what the U.S. is up to can possibly say the United States was doing nothing? Our adversaries are responding to things they see from us,\u201d he said noting that he was not drawing a moral equivalency. \u201cWhen we say the U.S. is the only one that is paying attention to the norms and we [muck] around like we\u2019re only been victims and not done anything else, then we\u2019re going to get the dynamics wrong. Our adversaries are sure \u2014 some of them correctly, some of them incorrectly \u2014 that we\u2019ve been throwing the first punch.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To others, such as Schneider, leaders are putting too much stock in the idea of persistent engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIf we\u2019re persistently engaging, does that ever end? The problem with persistent engagement is it promises to do too much all the time and doesn\u2019t articulate priorities,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, one positive change, she said, is that it has shifted the thinking from cyber as a rarely used strategic tool, to one that can be used more often below the threshold of conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike the physical domains of land, air and sea, the cyber domain is quickly changing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe evolution of Cyber Command is trying to keep up with those changes both in terms of what\u2019s changing in the technology environment as well as what\u2019s changing from a threat perspective,\u201d Davis said. \u201cThose changes are driving the evolution of how the command is organized and what its focus, its priorities are.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To keep up with the threat, he said, the command will have to take greater advantage of automation. In other words, fighting machines with machines. Today, the process of cyberwar is too human-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Machine learning and automation can identify adversary tactics or playbooks and counter them, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, some in the national security community have cautioned that cyber operations are being viewed too narrowly. Rather, it should be considered under a larger umbrella of information operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cElevating Cyber Command might be like creating a U.S. battleship command in 1935 because it might be a wrong kind of capability for the future fight,\u201d Healey said. \u201cIt might be that the future is going to be much more about information operations than it is about strictly cyber.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enemies \u201chave learned that the integrated use of not just cyber capabilities but the combination of disinformation, denial capabilities, the psychosocial aspect of weaponizing social media, which provides an enormous platform \u2026 to sow division and doubt,\u201d Davis said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leaders at Army Cyber Command have hinted that they want the organization shift to be something along the lines of Army Information Warfare Command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cyber Command\u2019s current leader, Gen. Paul Nakasone, had previously testified in 2018 to Congress that during his most recent assignment leading the cyber offensive against ISIS that information operations were the most eye-opening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019ve been glad to hear Gen. Nakasone and others say that they are interested in what they can do to start getting more involved especially in cyber-enable information operations, influence operations,\u201d Healey said. \u201cThe most important cyber incidents that affected the United States have been much less cyber than have been information operations and influence.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/cyber\/2018\/03\/14\/is-dod-organized-to-combat-russian-information-operations\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/635854311712363606-mar-it-2jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Is DoD organized to combat Russian information operations?<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Senators continued to pressure DoD leaders regarding Russian information warfare.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019ve been glad to hear Gen. Nakasone and others say that they are interested in what they can do to start getting more involved especially in cyber-enable information operations, influence operations,\u201d Healey said. \u201cThe most important cyber incidents that affected the United States have been much less cyber than have been information operations and influence.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i>To learn more about the ways Cyber Command has evolved over the last decade, <\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/hub.c4isrnet.com\/ebooks\/history-of-cyber-command\/\" target=_blank><i>download our series of essays<\/i><\/a><i> that reflect on the origins and future of defend forward and hybrid warfare.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After 10 years in existence, what does the future of Cyber Command portend?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":30765,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":16,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[10,106,29,16,32],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3268],"class_list":["post-18184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cyber","category-daily-brief","category-home","category-it-networks","category-newsletters"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"SG6D5RZF3VB3ROYESW6JKVGJRU","arc_canonical_url":"\/dod\/cybercom\/2019\/07\/25\/what-the-future-holds-for-cyber-command\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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