{"id":24973,"date":"2017-02-23T15:15:17","date_gmt":"2017-02-23T15:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2017\/02\/23\/military-still-working-out-effectiveness-of-cyber-tools\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T18:23:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T18:23:50","slug":"military-still-working-out-effectiveness-of-cyber-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/cyber\/2017\/02\/23\/military-still-working-out-effectiveness-of-cyber-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Military still working out &#8216;effectiveness&#8217; of cyber tools"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite being declared a domain of warfare six years ago, there are still growing pains and concepts of operation to be worked through in cyberspace\u00a0\u2014\u00a0one being\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.c4isrnet.com\/articles\/raytheon-to-assess-effectiveness-of-cyber-electronic-warfare-tools\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Link: null\">the effectiveness of employing a non-kinetic tool<\/a>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0such as cyber or electronic warfare\u00a0\u2014\u00a0versus a kinetic weapon.<br\/><br\/>&#8220;When a 2,000-pound bomb lands on your command post, you know,&#8221; Brig. Gen. Dennis Crall, chief information officer and director of C4 for the Marines Corps, said Feb. 22 at the AFCEA West conference in San Diego.<br\/><br\/>These kinetic tools and weapons are normally verifiable in their effects, whereas its more difficult to pinpoint the effectiveness of a cyber operation that blocks or redirects, such as an influence or deception operation, he said.<br\/><br\/><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the guise of the <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.c4isrnet.com\/articles\/a-new-era-for-information-warfare\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Link: http:\/\/www.c4isrnet.com\/articles\/a-new-era-for-information-warfare\">evolving and shifting nature of information warfare or information operations<\/a>, Crall said these associated tools and effects can undergo all the planning in the world, but at the end of the day, it\u2019s going to be about &#8220;measure of performance and measure of effectiveness.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;If you haven\u2019t built that into the front end, you\u2019ll have no way to make a determination of what you\u2019ve done,&#8221; he said. &#8220;We owe it to those who pass the laws and who hold us accountable that we have [a] good system in place and we are patient to see those results.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The effects of kinetic weapons such as missiles and bombs are well-determined today, down to the blast radius. This is still difficult to assess in cyberspace. If &#8220;you\u2019re going out for an impact, you\u2019re going to do something\u00a0\u2014\u00a0what is the effect?&#8221; Vice Adm. Marshall Lytle, director of C4\/cyber and CIO on the Joint Staff, asked rhetorically about cyber operations at the same panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Sure you\u2019re going for a first-order effect, but there are second-, third- and fourth-order effects depending on how you execute that cyberspace operation,&#8221; he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He added that commanders and planners must also begin to wrap in other agencies and countries that might be involved or effected in the operation, and then work through any conflicts. &#8220;We\u2019re trying to develop that to be more agile in cyberspace,&#8221; he said, conceding the military currently does not have all the right authorities and processes to operate in cyberspace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Typically, we fight in declared hostility areas that are geographically defined. Within that come certain authorities, and those are managed very tightly in the U.S. government,&#8221; Vice Adm. Michael Gilday, commander of Fleet Cyber Command\/10th\u00a0Fleet,\u00a0said a day earlier at the same conference. &#8220;I think we need to be really cautious about tipping too much in the offensive side in those areas. It needs to be well thought out in terms of the second- and third-order effects for those activities\u00a0\u2014\u00a0not just as a military but as a country.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crall sang a similar tune, telling conference attendees that the rules for cyberspace don\u2019t exactly fit with the traditional areas of hostilities. Cyber is a solid test case to show how capabilities differ, he said, adding that when a mission is authorized, cyber is not always a good fit; in some cases, his team hamstrings abilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rules must change for the military to get after some of these problem, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While the effects of a missile are well-known, the employment of a cyber tool is still not fully understood. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":26012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":10,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[10,16,25],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3268],"class_list":["post-24973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cyber","category-it-networks","category-show-reporter"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"4X7ESZ3JIJEZPHV6OGXJKKKS6Q","arc_canonical_url":"\/show-reporter\/afcea-west\/2017\/02\/23\/military-still-working-out-effectiveness-of-cyber-tools\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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