{"id":28889,"date":"2021-01-22T21:55:41","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T21:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2021\/01\/22\/interview-how-the-us-plans-to-improve-its-missile-warning-satellites\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T18:35:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T18:35:31","slug":"interview-how-the-us-plans-to-improve-its-missile-warning-satellites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/space\/2021\/01\/22\/interview-how-the-us-plans-to-improve-its-missile-warning-satellites\/","title":{"rendered":"Interview: How the US plans to improve its missile warning satellites"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

WASHINGTON \u2014 The ballistic missile attack on U.S. and coalition forces<\/a> in Iraq about a year ago provides one of the starkest examples of how America\u2019s missile warning satellites operate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U.S. Space Force leadership has credited the guardians operating the Space-Based Infrared System<\/a> with saving lives in that attack, having provided the critical warning that missiles were inbound and allowing war fighters to seek cover seconds before the missiles hit the bases. One year later, members of the 2nd Space Warning Squadron took C4ISRNET inside<\/a> what it was like operating the SBIRS constellation that night with American lives on the line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a separate interview, Maj. Gen. DeAnna Burt, commander of the Combined Force Space Component Command, spoke with C4ISRNET about what the military has learned since that attack, how the Space Force works to keep its guardians prepared, and what\u2019s next for America\u2019s space-based missile warning architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the year since the attack, what did we learn about America\u2019s space-based missile warning capability and the response to that attack? Talking with the operators, it does seem like things went according to plan, as much as you can plan for events like this.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oh, absolutely. And I think what we\u2019ve learned from this is, as we have done since Desert Storm, we continue to improve our missile warning capability. So I think you recognize in Desert Storm … we figured out that (our missile warning constellation) was used for strategic launches \u2014 so intercontinental ballistic missiles. And we could rework that, and it actually had greater sensitivity than we realized. We were able to work software and capabilities to get that down to do scope reporting. So I came into the Air Force right after Desert Storm, and that was considered the first space war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We then have continued ever since that time to improve our tactics and techniques, to refine our capabilities and software in places where we can continually work on processes and capabilities, educating the theater, and the theater figuring out … how to distribute that information to their bases in order for the folks to get the most duck and cover time when those missiles are inbound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We\u2019ve also \u2026 established a greater (intelligence) requirement to track these events and gather information over the years. So that allows us to do that planning that the operators talk to you about and to focus coverage, and to get the best capabilities (for the taxpayer\u2019s dollar). As the Combined Forces Space Component Command, my job is (to) fight tonight with the resources in hand. So we are always looking for opportunities to improve our tactics, techniques and procedures or processes, how we talk and communicate with a peer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(After) every one of these events, we do what\u2019s called a debrief. And we did debrief this event, and we took some great takeaways back that we used. But it went as planned. And the team did a great job, and I\u2019m very proud of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the near term, the U.S. plans to launch another SBIRS satellite. Further down the line we\u2019re talking about the <\/b>Space Development Agency\u2019s tracking layer<\/b><\/a> and then <\/b>Next Gen OPIR<\/b><\/a> coming later. Those are some huge programs. How are the United States\u2019 missile warning capabilities going to change over the next decade? And how is that going to change how incidents like the Iranian attack play out?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Every one of the capabilities that you listed off are intended to improve our resiliency, our accuracy and reporting, and to address emerging and future threats. And so we\u2019re always looking to improve our systems and make them better, smarter, faster, more accurate and more timely. And those systems are all driving towards those. You\u2019ll notice they\u2019re in different orbitology elements \u2014 that adds resiliency. You don\u2019t put everything in GEO belt, you put it somewhere else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You\u2019d mentioned how improvements have been made since Desert Storm to speed up the early warning process. What lines of effort are in place to continue improving that over the next, say, 10 years?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When we were a peaceful domain and an uncontested domain, very much you focused on the satellites. And I will say we always sort of had a \u201cField of Dreams\u201d concept: Build it, and they will come. We would launch satellites, and if we had to take money from ground or training or other things in order to launch the satellite on time, we would do that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are now fighting in a contested domain \u2014 you can\u2019t do that. Because if you don\u2019t have the ground architecture robust enough to command and control all the satellites, and to be able to be interchangeable, to be cyber defended, and to be able to add capability, you\u2019re going to struggle. So what we\u2019ve tried to go to is a common ground system called Enterprise Ground Service. For the future, we\u2019re looking at how do you create app-based applications to then allow you to expand or contract your constellations as need be. This is now software-based versus hardware-based.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2019m not necessarily worried about the chassis and the bus itself. I\u2019m more concerned about the guts, and can I reprogram the software more rapidly to adjust to threats and other things happening. And you\u2019re doing that both on the satellite and in the ground system, as well as any receiver equipment. So think military satellite communications receivers, missile warning receivers, our common operational pictures \u2014 all those things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s underpinned by a focus on cybersecurity of all these systems as well, because we also recognize those systems, as you go more digital and more software based, then you also have to make sure you\u2019re protecting yourself from the cyber threats, which we know Russia and China are very, very strong on as near peer competitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the last couple years, we\u2019ve seen some new companies entering the missile warning enterprise, specifically when it comes to the <\/b>Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor<\/b><\/a> and the <\/b>Space Development Agency<\/b><\/a>. Do you think it\u2019s valuable to diversify the supply chain for some of these satellite programs?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I mean bottom line, diversification is always helpful to bring down price points and to get competition for software. When you have single vendors on things, it becomes harder. They control price, and they also then don\u2019t have really any competition to incentivize them to improve. So again, I think competition is healthy in our government. That\u2019s what we do within our economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(SpaceX CEO Elon) Musk has proven how much he\u2019s able to lower launch costs, and he\u2019s allowed other people to enter the business as well, based on some of the models he\u2019s created. So I think that\u2019s coming across the satellite development business, and ground system and software as well. So that\u2019s great to see because that, again, is a plus for us as a department.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Maj. Gen. 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