{"id":31453,"date":"2022-09-01T15:00:41","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T15:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/uncategorized\/2022\/09\/01\/congress-may-tighten-scrutiny-of-us-investment-in-defense-technologies\/"},"modified":"2026-08-18T20:55:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T20:55:40","slug":"congress-may-tighten-scrutiny-of-us-investment-in-defense-technologies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/opinion\/2022\/09\/01\/congress-may-tighten-scrutiny-of-us-investment-in-defense-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"Congress may tighten scrutiny of US investment in foreign technologies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Building on recent national security initiatives to shore up the protection of U.S. critical assets from strategic adversaries (notably including China and Russia), Congress is considering new government powers to review outbound U.S. investments in certain high-technology sectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inbound foreign investments in key sectors are reviewed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/international\/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius\" target=\"_blank\">Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)<\/a>. However, screening of outbound investments \u2014 a so-called \u201creverse CFIUS\u201d \u2014 would be new, and could significantly impact industries ranging from aerospace and defense to fintech to pharmaceuticals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>How did we get here?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last several years have witnessed an accelerated national security pivot from the twenty-year global war on terror to strategic competition with major state adversaries. Unclassified assessments of the U.S. national security posture reveal significant threats in domains ranging from artificial intelligence to hypersonic weapons to energy, many of which have been exacerbated by the theft of U.S. technology. The legislation proposing a \u201creverse CFIUS\u201d review would seek to counter these threats by adding new controls to the flow of U.S. capital and intellectual property abroad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contemplated regime formally originated with the proposed National Critical Capabilities Defense Act (NCCDA), which passed the House of Representatives in February 2022 as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/rules.house.gov\/bill\/117\/hr-4521#:~:text=4521%20%2D%20America%20COMPETES%20Act%20on,to%20this%20Act%20are%20spent.&#038;text=Creates%20an%20interagency%20task%20force,Angeles%20and%20Long%20Beach%20Ports.\" target=\"_blank\">America COMPETES Act of 2022, H.R. 4521<\/a>, a larger package focused on U.S. domestic semiconductor production and other aspects of U.S. competitiveness (certain elements of which, not including the NCCDA, eventually were signed into law as part of the CHIPS and Science Act in August 2022). Most notably, the NCCDA would create a Committee on National Critical Capabilities (the \u201cCommittee\u201d), with authority to review \u2013 and block \u2013 covered outbound foreign investments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>What are the prospects for passage?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While it is not clear if the version of the NCCDA that passed the House will reach the president\u2019s desk, there now appears to be significant momentum in support of a NCCDA-type regime. In June 2022, a bipartisan, bicameral group of lawmakers released a discussion draft revising the House\u2019s version of the NCCDA, and there remains the possibility of executive action if Congress cannot agree on a final form of the bill. This bipartisan support remains despite strong opposition from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other industry associations representing potentially impacted sectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>What can U.S. investors expect from the anticipated new regime?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outside of investments in a handful of sanctioned countries, U.S. investments abroad heretofore have largely been free of formal national security scrutiny. If passed, the NCCDA raises the prospect of more administrative complexity and uncertainty around business planning and investments. Bottom line, an outbound screening regime would mark a new, significant national security-related check on the cross-border flow of capital and know-how.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>What are \u201cNational Critical Capabilities?\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As set out in the discussion draft, the NCCDA would be limited to investments in items and technologies of strategic significance to the United States \u2013 so-called \u201cnational critical capabilities.\u201d These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Semiconductor manufacturing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Large-capacity batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Critical minerals<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Pharmaceuticals<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Artificial intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Bioeconomy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Quantum technology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Covered sectors would also include those listed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/02-2022-Critical-and-Emerging-Technologies-List-Update.pdf.\" target=\"_blank\">Critical and Emerging Technologies List Update of the National Science and Technology Council<\/a>, which include advanced computing, advanced manufacturing, advanced sensing and signature management, autonomous systems, communication technologies, financial technologies, and renewable energy generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Who would serve on the committee?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like CFIUS, the committee would be an interagency body comprised of several members including the U.S. Trade Representative, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Department of Defense, and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>What would the committee review?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pursuant to the discussion draft under consideration, specified outbound investment in and outsourcing to specified \u201ccountries of concern\u201d involving critical capabilities would trigger Committee review. A broader review would be authorized with respect to companies receiving certain federal funding or government contracts. The six current \u201ccountries of concern\u201d are China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following activities involving critical capabilities would trigger review by the Committee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Developing, manufacturing, or shifting production of a critical capability to a country of concern<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Sharing IP or know-how that enables development of a critical capability in a country of concern<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Making investments or providing guidance related to enhancing the capabilities of a country of concern with respect to a critical capability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also, the draft legislation broadly provides for Committee review of any activity involving countries of concern by parties receiving certain federal funding or government contracts. Here, the Committee would be empowered to carry out such broad review with respect to entities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Receiving financial assistance under the broader legislative package regarding domestic semiconductor production; or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 Benefitting from procurement above a certain dollar threshold (yet to be determined by congressional negotiators) from U.S. national security agencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>What would the committee be empowered to do?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Committee will review a covered transaction on national security grounds. Where it determines that a transaction poses an \u201cunacceptable risk,\u201d is empowered to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 make recommendations to the President for appropriate action under the NCCDA, the Export Control Reform Act, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or the Defense Production Act<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 make recommendations to Congress regarding domestic production of critical capabilities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7 prior to action by the President, negotiate or order measures to mitigate the risk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>What\u2019s next?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While CFIUS review is well-known in the cross-border investment context, the NCCDA\u2019s \u201creverse CFIUS\u201d process would be a new, and far-ranging element of national security review that could impact a swath of investments and business decisions. Investors and companies active in \u201ccritical capability\u201d sectors stand to be particularly impacted by the proposed legislation, along with recipients of funding under the domestic semiconductor funding package and contractors supplying goods and services to U.S. national security agencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More broadly, the NCCDA can be considered to be of a piece with other recent U.S. measures intended to restrict the supply of technology to bad actors and adversaries (<i>i.e.<\/i>, export controls and sanctions), secure the supply chain against threats from adversaries (<i>i.e.<\/i>, the Information and Communications Technology and Services regulations), and promote resilient supply chains (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/presidential-actions\/2021\/02\/24\/executive-order-on-americas-supply-chains\/\" target=\"_blank\">Executive Order 14017, <i>On America\u2019s Supply Chains<\/i><\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i>Justin A. Chiarodo is a partner at Blank Rome LLP who focuses on federal, state and local procurement law. Anthony Rapa leads the firm\u2019s National Security team.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legislation seeks to counter threats by adding new controls to the flow of U.S. capital and intellectual property abroad.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":75758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":24,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":{"8":{"categories":["opinions","home","federal-oversight","congress","acquisition","regulations"],"primary_category":"opinions"},"10":{"categories":["opinion"],"primary_category":"opinion"}}},"categories":[10,29,13,24],"tags":[8471],"coauthors":[7740,7742],"class_list":["post-31453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cyber","category-home","category-industry","category-opinion","tag-commentary"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"VKJRJRQQLRCTXLQM4M3NDPROTE","arc_canonical_url":"\/opinion\/2022\/09\/01\/congress-may-tighten-scrutiny-of-us-investment-in-defense-technologies\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented By:"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Congress may tighten scrutiny of US investment in foreign technologies - C4ISRNet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Legislation seeks to counter threats by adding new controls to the flow of U.S. capital and intellectual property abroad.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Congress may tighten scrutiny of US investment in foreign technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Legislation seeks to counter threats by adding new controls to the flow of U.S. capital and intellectual property abroad.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/c4isrnet\/opinion\/2022\/09\/01\/congress-may-tighten-scrutiny-of-us-investment-in-defense-technologies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"C4ISRNet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-09-01T15:00:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-18T20:55:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Justin A. 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