{"id":15641,"date":"2020-01-08T20:29:45","date_gmt":"2020-01-08T20:29:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2020\/01\/08\/the-surface-navy-needs-to-fundamentally-reshape-itself-to-defeat-the-chinese-threat-study-finds\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T21:29:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T21:29:08","slug":"the-surface-navy-needs-to-fundamentally-reshape-itself-to-defeat-the-chinese-threat-study-finds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/digital-show-dailies\/surface-navy-association\/2020\/01\/08\/the-surface-navy-needs-to-fundamentally-reshape-itself-to-defeat-the-chinese-threat-study-finds\/","title":{"rendered":"The surface Navy needs to fundamentally reshape itself to defeat the Chinese threat, study finds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WASHINGTON \u2014 The U.S. Navy\u2019s surface fleet is completely misaligned to meet the threats the military says it must counter in the 21st century, and it\u2019s not correctly constructed to pursue its own strategy of \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/naval\/2017\/07\/21\/us-navy-boss-network-everything\/\" target=\"_blank\">distributed maritime operations<\/a>,\u201d according <a href=\"https:\/\/csbaonline.org\/research\/publications\/taking-back-the-seas-transforming-the-u.s-surface-fleet-for-decision-centric-warfare\" target=\"_blank\">to new study from the Center or Strategic and Budgetary Assessments<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 118-page report, analysts Bryan Clark and Timothy Walton highlight fundamental shortfalls of the destroyer-heavy surface fleet and illustrate how assets that were once core strengths of the surface force \u2014 heavy-duty <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/digital-show-dailies\/surface-navy-association\/2018\/01\/04\/doubts-linger-as-us-navy-preps-to-order-10-more-flight-iii-destroyers\/\" target=_blank>air defense radars and densely packed multimission warships<\/a> built around vertical launch systems once considered high capacity \u2014 have become vulnerabilities as adversaries have adapted to U.S. capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The service must dramatically increase its focus on bolstering the offensive punch of its surface combatants as well as fully embrace advances in electronic warfare and laser weapons to combat the anti-ship missile threat, according to the CSBA report. Furthermore, the fleet must find ways to take advantage of more passive sensors and reduce its reliance on giant radars that have been at the core of its air defense missions since the Cold War, the report noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/naval\/2018\/05\/10\/the-newest-weapon-in-the-us-navys-arsenal-is-now-under-construction\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/HII-Image.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">The newest weapon in the US Navy\u2019s arsenal is now under construction<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">When the destroyer Jack Lucas joins the U.S. Navy, it will look similar to destroyers that preceded it. But it\u2019s going to be a very different, more capable killer.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Navy\u2019s strategy to defeat China\u2019s anti-access, area-denial strategy also needs work. The service\u2019s stated plan to spread out forces over a broad theater rather than aggregate around an aircraft carrier won\u2019t prove effective unless the service makes big changes, the think tank\u2019s study found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe U.S. Navy\u2019s adoption of distributed operations will not by itself reduce the surface fleet\u2019s vulnerabilities or make it more lethal,\u201d the report said. &#8220;Concepts for distributed operations are often portrayed by Navy leaders as a way to complicate adversary targeting and create more opportunities for surface forces to attack the enemy. Proliferation and improvements to commercial and military ground-based, airborne, and satellite sensors, however, will likely overcome any complexity imposed by simply distributing today\u2019s fleet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cUnless the U.S. surface force changes its approaches to surveillance, targeting, counter-[surveillance and targeting], and engagement of air, surface, and undersea threats, they will have insufficient operational flexibility or weapons capacity to take advantage of distribution.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The report said the fleet should fundamentally reshape itself by reducing its reliance on large active sensors and moving away from manpower-intensive surface combatants that are too expensive to operate on the scale needed to counter China. It also said the Navy must pursue a more organized strategy for combating the advances in Chinese capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Such steps include embracing technologies like high-powered microwaves and lasers to combat anti-ship missiles at closer ranges, freeing up the vertical launch missile magazines for more offensive weapons. This would counter attacks from adversaries that are designed to get U.S. Navy ships to empty their vertical launching system cells trying to engage anti-ship missiles with anti-air missiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Flashlights<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Navy needs to employ more passive sensors to detect enemy targets rather than rely on giant radars that tell anyone with sophisticated electronic sniffing equipment where the U.S. Navy\u2019s big guns are hiding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using radars such as the SPY-6 destined for the Flight III destroyer is essential for the ballistic missile defense mission, but it also shines a giant electronic flashlight that would likely betray the ship\u2019s position to a reasonably sophisticated adversary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe physical signatures of U.S. surface combatants and their reliance on organic radar increases their susceptibility to detection, while the cost, multimission utility, and relatively small number of U.S. surface warships makes each of them too valuable to lose operationally or financially,\u201d the study said. \u201cThe vulnerability of today\u2019s U.S. surface fleet to Chinese and Russian battle networks reduces its ability to support U.S. military strategy and operational concepts.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As an alternative, the Navy could field optionally manned corvettes and medium unmanned surface vessels with advanced sensors that can communicate targeting and surveillance data to larger manned ships. That would keep enemy sensors preoccupied and from detecting the larger manned surface combatants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cNew concepts for surface fleet missions&#8230; will increasingly rely on unmanned systems to perform sensing operations because unmanned systems can achieve the proximity or distribution to use passive sensors effectively or employ active sensors at acceptable risk,\u201d the study reads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEngagements will largely continue to be ordered by a human operator, although that operator may be on a nearby manned platform and the weapon launched by an unmanned vehicle. Unmanned systems would conduct almost all counter-[surveillance and targeting] missions; they can make risk-worthy decoys or employ active countermeasures without exposing a manned platform to detection and attack.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moving to more unmanned offboard sensors was the vision behind the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/digital-show-dailies\/navy-league\/2019\/05\/06\/with-billions-planned-in-funding-the-us-navy-charts-its-unmanned-future\/\" target=\"_blank\">Defense Advanced Research Agency\u2019s Sea Hunter program<\/a>, and many suspect the medium unmanned surface vessel will be derived from the Sea Hunter drone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Navy recently transferred control of the Sea Hunter to the surface Navy\u2019s new development squadron, which is tasked with formulating with a concept of operations for medium and large unmanned ships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3887\" height=\"1943\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carney.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carney.jpg.jpg 3887w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carney.jpg.jpg?resize=300,150 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carney.jpg.jpg?resize=768,384 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carney.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,512 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carney.jpg.jpg?resize=1536,768 1536w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Carney.jpg.jpg?resize=2048,1024 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3887px) 100vw, 3887px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The guided-missile destroyer Carney in the Black Sea on her sixth patrol that ended. ( Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Kyle Steckler\/Navy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Corvettes<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The report also called for the Navy to move quickly on fielding a large optionally manned corvette. This is a departure from the Navy\u2019s plan to field a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/naval\/2019\/12\/21\/the-us-navy-gets-its-large-unmanned-surface-vessels-in-2020-with-strings-attached\/\" target=_blank>large unmanned surface vessel<\/a>, or LUSV, that is envisioned as an external missile magazine able to autonomously operate alongside the fleet, expend its missiles and return to reload, leaving the ship with more time on station and with more missiles in its magazine to use as offensive strike weapons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cInstead of procuring an optionally manned LUSV that may be difficult to employ throughout the spectrum of competition and conflict, CSBA\u2019s plan introduces a similarly designed [corvette] that is designed to be, conversely, optionally unmanned and would normally operate with small crews of around 15\u201324 personnel,\u201d the study read. \u201c[So-called] DDCs primarily armed with offensive weapons would serve as offboard magazines for force packages.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pursuing an optionally manned corvette as opposed to a fully unmanned ship allows the Navy to buy more offensive punch for its shipbuilding dollar, while also gaining the peacetime advantage of having more manned warships that cost less to operate, the study argued.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBy having small crews, DDCs could contribute to peacetime training, engagement, maritime security, and deterrence,\u201d it said. \u201cDDCs would also have a lower risk compared to unmanned vessels of being captured or herded out of operating areas by adversary forces like China\u2019s People\u2019s Maritime Militia. During conflict, personnel could be removed, and the DDCs could operate autonomously in highly contested areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cHowever, the presence of crews onboard, primarily to protect sensitive systems and weapons, would be preferred throughout competition and conflict.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/OSV.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/OSV.jpg.jpg 640w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/OSV.jpg.jpg?resize=300,169 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A rendering of the Iraqi Navy&#8217;s offshore support vessel, which the Navy has indicated could be the basis of its large unmanned surface vessel design. (Riverhawk Fast Sea Frames)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>The current state of affairs<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The report shows that the Navy is not just misaligned for a wartime threat, but for its peacetime mission as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About three-quarters of the surface fleet, including ships in service and planned construction, is composed of large surface combatants with large air and missile defense radars, according to the study. But in reality, the ships spend the bulk of their time on other missions such as anti-submarine warfare, surveillance, deterrence, maritime security and counterterrorism operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ships have gravitated to these missions partly because of real-world requirements but also because the fleet lacks a small surface combatant capable of performing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBy deploying air defense-oriented multimission combatants for almost every surface force operation, the Navy is sub-optimizing the investment in these platforms and arguably consuming their service life unnecessarily,\u201d to report read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, it\u2019s extravagantly expensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe weighting of the U.S. Navy surface fleet toward CGs [cruisers] and DDGs [destroyers] is costly,\u201d the think tank reported. \u201cLarge surface combatants are approximately $1.8 billion each to build. More significantly, these highly-integrated multimission platforms are difficult and expensive to maintain and upgrade. For example, the mid-life modernization of a CG or DDG costs more than $100 million and takes more than a year to complete; as a result, the Navy is constrained in its ability to adapt and improve surface combatants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>The new Navy<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study envisioned a completely revamped fleet that has traded large surface combatants for more optionally manned surface ships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study also called for a fleet of 74 large surface combatants by 2048 (the scope of the study) and keeps the 52 small surface combatant requirement of the 2016 Force Structure Assessment. In this scenario, instead of large surface combatants, the Navy would pour money into so-called enablers, the optionally manned corvettes and unmanned surface vessels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study also said the Navy requires a total of 96 corvettes and 110 medium unmanned surface vessels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inverting the fleet from a destroyer-heavy, manpower-intensive fleet to a smaller, more adaptable fleet that is bolstered by cheaper ships and more offensive punch would ultimately increase the number of vertical launching system cells available to the fleet by 1.4 times the current projected number, the study found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe U.S. surface fleet could better support the National Defense Strategy by enabling smaller, more proportional force packages to operate at acceptable risk in contested areas and equipping them to counter enemy aggression,\u201d the study said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new study calls for radical changes to the structure and operation of the U.S. Navy&#8217;s surface fleet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":29184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":103,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":{"7":{"categories":["your-navy","news","daily-news-roundup","newsletters","left-column","home"],"primary_category":"your-navy"}}},"categories":[160,29,16,36,103],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3361],"class_list":["post-15641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-news-roundup","category-digital-show-dailies","category-naval","category-newsletters","category-surface-navy-association"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"UI2HHBHHPRCKFIKORYP5OSOPFQ","arc_canonical_url":"\/digital-show-dailies\/surface-navy-association\/2020\/01\/08\/the-surface-navy-needs-to-fundamentally-reshape-itself-to-defeat-the-chinese-threat-study-finds\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented By:"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The surface Navy needs to fundamentally reshape itself to defeat the Chinese threat, study finds - Defense News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A new study calls for radical changes to the structure and operation of the U.S. Navy&#039;s surface fleet.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The surface Navy needs to fundamentally reshape itself to defeat the Chinese threat, study finds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new study calls for radical changes to the structure and operation of the U.S. Navy&#039;s surface fleet.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/digital-show-dailies\/surface-navy-association\/2020\/01\/08\/the-surface-navy-needs-to-fundamentally-reshape-itself-to-defeat-the-chinese-threat-study-finds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Defense News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-08T20:29:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-07T21:29:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"David B. 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Larter\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\n\t    \"@context\": \"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\n\t    \"@graph\": [\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"Article\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/one.sightlinemg.com\\\/defensenews\\\/digital-show-dailies\\\/surface-navy-association\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/08\\\/the-surface-navy-needs-to-fundamentally-reshape-itself-to-defeat-the-chinese-threat-study-finds\\\/#article\",\n\t            \"isPartOf\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/one.sightlinemg.com\\\/defensenews\\\/digital-show-dailies\\\/surface-navy-association\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/08\\\/the-surface-navy-needs-to-fundamentally-reshape-itself-to-defeat-the-chinese-threat-study-finds\\\/\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"author\": {\n\t                \"name\": \"migration\",\n\t                \"@id\": 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