{"id":18108,"date":"2021-12-14T18:29:38","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T18:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2021\/12\/14\/nato-looking-at-holistic-path-to-boost-cyber-defense-arsenal\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T21:44:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T21:44:58","slug":"nato-looking-at-holistic-path-to-boost-cyber-defense-arsenal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/global\/europe\/2021\/12\/14\/nato-looking-at-holistic-path-to-boost-cyber-defense-arsenal\/","title":{"rendered":"NATO looking at holistic path to boost cyber defense arsenal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

STUTTGART, Germany \u2013 NATO is moving into 2022 determined to increase its cyber defense posture, investing in new capabilities, refreshing its policies, and learning from recent exercises to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coming off the heels of the most recent flagship exercise \u2013 Cyber Coalition 2021, held in-person in Tallinn, Estonia \u2013 alliance officials are focused on ensuring that networks, people, and resources are as protected as possible, several leaders said at a media day held Dec. 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe have to evolve, we have to progress, we have to increase our level in defending these networks,\u201d said Gen. Philippe Lavigne, NATO\u2019s Supreme Allied Commander Transformation since September 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The alliance has a multi-pronged approach to boost its cyber defenses via modernized and refreshed capability investments, new policies and strategic concepts, and by strengthening information sharing and situational awareness between its 30 member nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NATO plans to spend several hundred million euros on cyber defense capabilities over the next few years, said Ian West, chief of the NATO Cyber Security Center in Mons, Belgium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those funds will be spent both on refreshing existing equipment \u2013 \u201ca constant need\u201d \u2013 and to modernize NATO\u2019s capabilities, he said during the media day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Industry will continue to be involved in these investments, he noted. \u201cI don\u2019t think that we\u2019ll ever not need industry, and I can\u2019t think of anything that they\u2019re not involved with.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NATO recently announced several efforts meant to help the alliance work more closely with private-sector entities on a host of critical technologies<\/a>, to include cybersecurity. These include the Defense Innovation Accelerator of the North Atlantic (DIANA<\/a>), and an innovation fund to support the development of dual-use technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Member-nations will invest up to \u20ac1 billion ($1.16 billion) into the fund, said David van Weel<\/a>, NATO\u2019s assistant secretary-general for emerging security challenges, at the media day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to new funding, NATO plans to merge its two major cybersecurity conferences into a new forum, dubbed NATO Edge and to be held next fall, likely in Mons. The NATO Communication and Information Agency\u2019s NITEC Connect industry conference will combine with the NATO Information Assurance Symposium (NIAS) to form the new conference, West said. \u201cI can\u2019t tell you how much I\u2019m looking forward to actually being in-person with our community again,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Policy changes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

On the policy side, the alliance approved a new cyber defense document in June at its Brussels summit, and cybersecurity will feature prominently in a forthcoming strategic concept paper, to be formalized at the 2022 NATO Summit next June in Madrid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The last strategic concept, released in 2010, featured about a paragraph on cybersecurity, \u201cwith a few mentions elsewhere in the document,\u201d said David Cattler, assistant secretary general for joint intelligence and security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the 2010 document was \u201cprescient\u201d in its assessment of the types of cyber threats that NATO would face over the next decade, \u201cIt\u2019s clear that we now need more emphasis on cyber,\u201d he said during the media day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The June cyber defense document reflected the alliance\u2019s assertion that \u201cCyber is a domain that is always on,\u201d van Weel said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAllies continue to build on the cyber defense pledge that they adopted in 2016,\u201d he continued. \u201cThis is about 30 allies working together and alongside partners, to enhance their resilience, and to learn from each other in the process.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Setting a new threshold for Article V triggers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

The new NATO cyber policy released in June also affirms the alliance\u2019s decision to consider that certain \u201clower-level\u201d malicious cyber attacks by the same threat actor can be as destructive as a single, large-scale cyber attack, and could, at least in theory, trigger the treaty\u2019s Article V collective defense mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe see that a lot of activity, ongoing activity below that threshold of one single large attack, can actually have the same strategic conflict implications or more,\u201d van Weel explained. \u201cIt\u2019s about not limiting our options to just waiting for a massive attack. It\u2019s about recognizing that what happens below that threshold of a massive attack is worthy of our attention.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whether Article V is triggered or not has been and remains a decision made on a case-by-case basis, and should be seen as an added deterrent for potential threat actors, he noted. \u201cThe new policy \u2026 that\u2019s not escalating. That is just stating clearly how we see the field.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New and ongoing cyber threats<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Interconnectivity will prove critical to the alliance into the 2030s, Cattler noted. But adversaries are now working hard to turn that asset into an operational weakness. As NATO\u2019s network grows \u2013 as it gains more and more users and shifts increasingly to remote operation \u2013 the alliance is \u201cincreasing the threat surface,\u201d and seeing more \u201cbelow-the-threshold\u201d attacks that are trickier to attribute, Cattler said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the near term, NATO is watching for cyber threats including malware attacks on critical infrastructure as well as Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, password spraying, intentional and accidental insider threats, and the emergence of \u201cransomware-as-a-service\u201d \u2013 where a threat actor could offer to sell or rent out their entire platform for others to use for ransomware attacks. There is \u201cincreasingly a businesslike approach to [cyber] operations,\u201d Cattler noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That being said, the alliance has not recently seen \u201can increase\u201d in insider threat attacks, but it is a \u201cconstant\u201d menace, West said. \u201cWe always take measures to control what our users can do on a network, \u2026 but we don\u2019t see an increase in that particular threat,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lessons learned from Cyber Coalition 2021<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

The 2021 edition of NATO\u2019s flagship Cyber Coalition exercise was recently held in person in Tallinn, after the 2020 event had to be held virtually due to COVID-19. Exercise Director Graeme Rook lauded the fact that the alliance held a \u201cmajor, physical, high-profile exercise during the pandemic,\u201d which included over 1000 participants from over 30 nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The goal of Cyber Coalition is to improve collaboration between NATO allies and partners in the cyberspace domain, and hone the ability to conduct cyberspace operations for military and civilian entities, he said at the media day. The exercise also helps NATO identify capability gaps, practice requirements, and validate new procedures for future use, capability development, and training.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ninety-six percent of the participants were on the ground in Tallinn, while 4 percent operated out of NATO offices in The Hague, Netherlands, \u201cto practice business continuity,\u201d Rook said. Reflecting on the outcome of 2021 versus 2020, he noted, \u201cvirtually, you don\u2019t get the same fidelity of questions; you don\u2019t get the same buy-in.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Twenty-six member nations participated, along with four NATO partners \u2013 Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, and Ireland \u2013 as well as South Korea, Japan, and Ukraine, he said. The coalition exercise involved five fictional storylines that spanned the potential threat arena, from a ransomware attack seeking to disrupt vaccine rollouts; to a supply chain compromise; to a paper exercise involving the compromising of a nation\u2019s surveillance drone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NATO used Estonia\u2019s cyber range at the Training Center CR14 for three out of five storylines, up from one in previous years, Rook noted. \u201cWe are accelerating our input into warfare capability,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In tandem with the storylines, an experimentation team developed an automated tool to gather and siphon information for more rapid decision-making, and reduce the need for manual threat analysis, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat was successfully demonstrated at Cyber Coalition, and now we\u2019re going through validation [and] quality control,\u201d Rook said, adding that once those checks are complete, that tool will be rolled out to the NATO Cyber Operations Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still playing defense, not offense<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

For all of the renewed and novel investments going into NATO\u2019s cybersecurity portfolios, the officials emphasized that the alliance will continue to operate defensively, and is not looking at offensive cyber capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAllies have offered their cyber capabilities in a crisis, but offensive cyber is not something that NATO itself does,\u201d van Weel said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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