{"id":22917,"date":"2020-06-30T15:46:03","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T15:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2020\/06\/30\/india-must-actively-protect-its-air-defense-systems-ooda-loop\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:06:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T22:06:12","slug":"india-must-actively-protect-its-air-defense-systems-ooda-loop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/commentary\/2020\/06\/30\/india-must-actively-protect-its-air-defense-systems-ooda-loop\/","title":{"rendered":"India must actively protect its air defense systems\u2019 OODA loop"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/29a02e76c719f75a1f4389bb9fa6075d\" target=_blank>recent India-China standoff<\/a> in the eastern Ladakh region, India is reported to have deployed its air defense systems, like the Akash surface-to air missiles as well as the Pechora, Osa-AK and SPYDER systems, in sensitive regions. This step was taken in response to the unusual movement of the People\u2019s Liberation of Army Air Force to strengthen its offensive posture in the eastern Ladakh region. Naturally, India had to deploy its air defense system to ensure that it can strengthen its \u201cdefense by denial\u201d capability. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A strengthened \u201cdefense by denial\u201d capability automatically strengthens a state\u2019s \u201cdeterrence by denial\u201d posture. However, this posture can be severely jeopardized by China\u2019s ability to make India\u2019s \u201cdefense by denial\u201d capability vulnerable. China has reportedly been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/newsgram\/articles\/2013\/05\/28\/report-china-hacked-costly-us-missile-defense-weapon-designs\" target=_blank>trying to access data<\/a> on and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fifthdomain.com\/dod\/2017\/08\/07\/dod-beefing-up-missile-systems-cyber-defenses\/\" target=_blank>hack into<\/a> missile defense, air defense, counter-rocket artillery and mortar systems, including  the United States\u2019 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense System and the Patriot system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It will, hence, not be a surprise if it turns out China has already started to hack into India\u2019s air defense systems in order to comprehend, analyze and assess its own offensive strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/global\/asia-pacific\/2018\/03\/06\/can-india-make-china-behave-itself-new-delhi-bolsters-defense-partnership-with-vietnam\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-926569112.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Can India \u2018make China behave itself\u2019? New Delhi bolsters defense partnership with Vietnam<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">India and Vietnam are expected to sign an agreement for a line of credit from the former worth $500 million that will go toward building capabilities through Vietnam\u2019s defense industry.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the crucial elements of India\u2019s defensive capability that remains vulnerable is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c4isrnet.com\/unmanned\/robotics\/2019\/08\/08\/can-robots-make-an-army-platoon-10-times-as-effective\/\" target=_blank>the OODA loop<\/a> \u2014 observe, orient, decide and act \u2014 which is responsible for decision-making during times of crisis, allowing decision-makers to observe the threat and analyze the actions needed. Any effort to jeopardize this process will automatically result in a delay to India\u2019s response, or its inability to detect, track and intercept a threat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, weapon systems and their OODA loop aim to have the shortest decision time for action. The shorter the time for the OODA loop, the greater the scope of the weapon system\u2019s credibility and combat capability. In fact, survivability of missiles and missile defense systems is not just about greater mobility and stealth, but also about the decision-making time. Should India\u2019s air defense become vulnerable to this, China\u2019s offense-defense paradox will gain an advantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The more robust a country\u2019s OODA loop, the stronger its combat and deterrent capability and the greater its scope of ensuring victory in maneuver warfare. The OODA loop enables greater ambiguity and deception \u2014 two crucial components of warfare. Compromising these can undermine deterrence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is something on which India needs to focus. Under no circumstance should India allow China to jeopardize its air defense capability.<b> <\/b>Even minor hiccups in the OODA process can create confusion and result in the loss of an air defense platform. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hence, India has to ensure that the OODA loop of its defensive capabilities, like its air defense systems, are not vulnerable and that China is unable to affect the loop and act faster than India \u2014 an effective strategy among adversaries. India would need to take this into account. Only then will its air defense capability hold significance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">China will surely pursue a strategy of information dominance in the game of \u201coffence-defense\u201d balance, whereby it would try to collect, control and exploit the information on not just India\u2019s air defense capabilities but also the country\u2019s offensive capabilities. India needs to be wary of these advanced communication links and data processing capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hence, it\u2019s not just that India\u2019s air defense systems needs to be protected from being destroyed by adversaries, and not just that its air defense systems need to be robust against any hacking, but utmost care should be taken so the OODA loop is not compromised. Only then can India ensure a combat advantage from both offensive and defensive postures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i>Debalina Ghoshal is a nonresident fellow with the Council on International Policy, and an Asia-Pacific fellow at the EastWest Institute.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the crucial elements of India\u2019s defensive capability that remains vulnerable is the OODA loop \u2014 observe, orient, decide and act \u2014 which is responsible for decision-making during times of crisis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":50265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":66,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":{"9":{"categories":["opinion","cyber","home","daily-brief","newsletters"],"primary_category":"opinion"}}},"categories":[45,66,160,11,14,36,17],"tags":[],"coauthors":[4328],"class_list":["post-22917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia-pacific","category-commentary","category-daily-news-roundup","category-global","category-land","category-newsletters","category-opinion"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"5WHHZPU6INAKZAJLNSRYCB3BAA","arc_canonical_url":"\/opinion\/commentary\/2020\/06\/30\/india-must-actively-protect-its-air-defense-systems-ooda-loop\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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