{"id":41900,"date":"2018-11-06T17:59:24","date_gmt":"2018-11-06T17:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2018\/11\/06\/dont-dumb-down-this-us-army-radar\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T23:16:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T23:16:52","slug":"dont-dumb-down-this-us-army-radar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/commentary\/2018\/11\/06\/dont-dumb-down-this-us-army-radar\/","title":{"rendered":"Don\u2019t dumb down this US Army radar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i><b>Abandoning 360-degree coverage would make air defenses more vulnerable and undermine their mission<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/land\/2018\/10\/31\/armys-missile-defense-radar-sense-off-attempts-to-hit-reset-button\/\" target=_blank>Press reports<\/a> and statements from U.S. Army leadership suggest that omnidirectional capability for the Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor, or LTAMDS, may be slipping away as the threshold requirement it deserves to be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Air defenders and joint forces under their protection should hope this doesn\u2019t happen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While unveiling the Army\u2019s six modernization priorities last year, Chief of Staff Gen. Mark Milley declared: \u201cNone of this is going to matter if you\u2019re dead. And that\u2019s why you need air defense.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But without omnidirectional sensing, U.S. air defenses and their defended assets may also end up dead, suppressed by enemy threats they cannot see.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And that\u2019s why air defenders need 360-degree sensor coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/digital-show-dailies\/ausa-digital-show-dailies\/2018\/10\/08\/army-races-to-get-missile-defense-radar-early\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/PatriotRadar.jpg_24839c.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">What\u2019s the rush? US Army races to get missile defense radar early<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">The Army is planning to rapidly prototype new radar to replace old Patriot air-and-missile defense sensor.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Omnidirectional threats <\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the post-Cold War holiday from history, air superiority was taken for granted as a birthright. The corresponding neglect of air defense has now caught up with us. The joint force now faces a more complex and contested aerial-threat environment than ever before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LTAMDS is intended to replace the 120-degree Patriot radars designed decades ago. The Q-53 and Q-65 radars have improved, but threats have frankly outpaced them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Past air and missile defenses focused on threats with more predictable trajectories. Today\u2019s threat spectrum is far more diverse. Even a poor man\u2019s air force today may have drones and cruise missiles that fly around sectored sensors to kill them in their blind spots. Maneuvering ballistic missiles, radiation-seeking missiles and hypersonic glide vehicles pose further challenges. Sensors for the modern battlefield must also be capable against non-kinetic attack, like electronic spoofing and jamming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of particular concern is the prospect that U.S. air defenses could be suppressed by complex, integrated attacks. Last summer, North Korea used a UAV to surveil the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense ballistic missile defense battery in South Korea. Had it instead attacked the TPY-2 radar, it could have incapacitated THAAD on the Korean Peninsula. Yemen\u2019s Houthis openly brag about using drones to target Saudi Patriot radars. In Syria and Ukraine, Russia has demonstrated the lethal effect of integrating electronic attack, drones, artillery and short-range ballistic missiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>25 years and counting<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concrete manifestations of the Army\u2019s seriousness about the current strategic environment include the conceptual development of multidomain operations, the creation of a cross-functional team for air and missile defense, the reconstitution of maneuver short-range air defense, and the establishment of Army Futures Command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Much history precedes these recent efforts for the Army Air Defense Artillery branch. A quarter-century ago, the Army planned a 360-degree radar for what was then called Corps SAM. That program later became the multinational Medium Extended Air Defense System, or MEADS, which the United States exited in 2012. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although advancing LTAMDS is a long-awaited, welcome development, it would be unfortunate if accelerated fielding comes at too steep a capability cost. Yet, references to 360-degree capability are conspicuously absent from a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fbo.gov\/index?s=opportunity&amp;mode=form&amp;id=24b7712dae3dc64fd43f85717d13a010&amp;tab=core&amp;_cview=0\" target=\"_blank\">announcement<\/a> for an LTAMDS \u201csense-off\u201d event next year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In last year\u2019s defense authorization bill, Congress warned that if the Army couldn\u2019t deploy a multi-threat, 360-degree sensor by 2023, then LTAMDS and its budget would be taken away and given to the Missile Defense Agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Integration necessary but insufficient <\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One justification for deprioritizing the LTAMDS 360-degree requirement is that gaps will be filled by stitching together sectored radars or by tethering to other unspecified assets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To be sure, network centrism represents <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/distributed-defense-0\" target=_blank>the future<\/a> of integrated air and missile defense. The Army has prudently advanced the \u201cany sensor, best shooter\u201d vision, integrated fire control via the Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System, and other near-term interoperability improvements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"798\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/AP17309021322654.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/AP17309021322654.jpg.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/AP17309021322654.jpg.jpg?resize=300,160 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/AP17309021322654.jpg.jpg?resize=768,409 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/AP17309021322654.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,545 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In this Sept. 7, 2017, file photo, U.S. missile defense system called Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense system, or THAAD, are seen at a golf course in Seongju, South Korea. (Kim Jun-beom\/Yonhap via AP)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caution is nevertheless in order. Integration is no substitute for a fire unit fighting effectively on its own. Data from supporting sensors may not always be available due to competing missions, battery dispersal or network degradation. The Army\u2019s last air and missile defense strategy touted the need for 360-degree sensors in the same paragraphs presupposing networked integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Building a ring of sectored radars is possible, but reduces the defended area. Circling the radar wagons also invites sudden rather than graceful degradation. Once the enemy punches a hole in the defense by eliminating one wagon, strike assets would follow, killing the other sensors from their blind spots. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assuming lots of extra sensors lying around is also in tension with the primacy of maneuver. Expeditionary forces must be able to execute their mission without austere or little augmentation. Patriot batteries on the move won\u2019t have the luxury of borrowing radars from other branches to lug around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Retaining 360-degree coverage at the element or battery level, by contrast, supports both resilience and flexibility by allowing commanders to send self-sufficient, untethered batteries wherever needed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Multifunctional considerations<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The functions that air defense radars must perform further underscore the importance of unadulterated 360-degree coverage. A radar must find, fix and track threats, and then support fire control engagement \u2014 guiding interceptors to target. Sentinel radars are proven to serve surveillance and tracking functions for air breathers, but are not built for Patriot fire control, nor for ballistic missiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s not easy to do all these functions in every direction simultaneously. MEADS was initially designed to have one continually spinning surveillance sensor and another, higher-frequency radar that could stare for tracking and fire control. Several years ago, the Army chose to consolidate these functions onto one platform, rather than two. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1048126.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52022\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1048126.jpg.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1048126.jpg.jpg?resize=300,199 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1048126.jpg.jpg?resize=768,510 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1048126.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,680 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A MEADS launcher sits ready while a second fires a missile in the background. (White Sands Missile Range Public Affairs)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Increased expectations from a single platform may have lead to increased cost and prompted the consideration of LTAMDS designs relatively less capable against salvo attacks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a single rotating radar stops spinning for fire control with one engagement, its ability to track others in a complex raid might be diminished. Conversely, a stationary, staring radar with one primary face and two smaller faces would favor a particular sector. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Army\u2019s upcoming sense-off test provides an opportunity to aggressively pit sensor entrants against diverse and integrated salvo attacks. Based on the results, it may make sense to re-evaluate both the consolidation decision and other requirements, even if it means combining several companies\u2019 wares into a \u201cbest of breed\u201d solution. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sense-off should be a catalyst for minimizing sensor gaps and seams, not a justification for widening them. The characteristics of LTAMDS will likely persist a long time, both for U.S. air defenders and likely for international partners, including the 14 other countries operating Patriot. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And if in the end, near-term priorities do force the delay of omnidirectional coverage, an alternative threshold requirement should be to build in ample margin for subsequent upgrades to accommodate an objective requirement of true 360-degree, multi-threat coverage. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>The stakes <\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But failing to provide robust sensor coverage would fail to honor the threat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Air Defense Artillery branch\u2019s motto is \u201cFirst to Fire.\u201d In a conflict like those envisioned in multidomain operations, they would also likely be the first to be fired upon. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At stake is survivability in a challenging aerial-threat environment. Sacrificing 360-degree coverage for LTAMDS could be a grave mistake. Army leadership shouldn\u2019t make it easier for the enemy to suppress Army air defenders by lowering sensor requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i>Tom Karako is a senior fellow in the International Security Program and director of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Army leadership shouldn\u2019t make it easier for the enemy to suppress air defenders by lowering sensor 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