{"id":48385,"date":"2026-01-05T18:49:14","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T18:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2026\/01\/05\/monroe-to-donroe-a-dead-doctrines-revival-for-current-operations\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T16:52:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T16:52:41","slug":"monroe-to-donroe-a-dead-doctrines-revival-for-current-operations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/global\/the-americas\/2026\/01\/05\/monroe-to-donroe-a-dead-doctrines-revival-for-current-operations\/","title":{"rendered":"Monroe to Donroe: A \u2018dead\u2019 doctrine\u2019s revival for current operations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the ousting of Venezuelan President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro on Saturday, U.S. President Donald Trump cited the Monroe Doctrine, the 200-year-old lodestar of U.S. diplomacy \u2014 which the <a href=\"https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/secretary\/remarks\/2013\/11\/217680.htm\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"\" title=\"https:\/\/2009-2017.state.gov\/secretary\/remarks\/2013\/11\/217680.htm\">Obama administration declared dead<\/a> in 2013. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe have superseded it by a lot,\u201d Trump told reporters Saturday. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey now call it the \u2018Donroe Doctrine.\u2019 American dominance in the Western Hemisphere will never be questioned again,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First articulated by President James Monroe during a Dec. 2, 1823, congressional address, Monroe warned European powers to accept that the Western Hemisphere was solely within America\u2019s sphere of interest and it \u201csoon became a watchword of U.S. policy in the Western Hemisphere,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/monroe-doctrine\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"\" title=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/monroe-doctrine\">according to the National Archives<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both Monroe and his secretary of state, John Quincy Adams, feared European excursions within the newly independent Latin America countries and the doctrine was designed to break the New World from the Old. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decades prior, Adams\u2019 own father, John Adams, who would become the country\u2019s second president, spelled out this fear during the 1782 Preliminary Articles of Peace negotiations between the United States and Britain<b> <\/b>to British commissioner Richard Oswald. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When taunted by Oswald for being \u201cafraid of being made the tools of the powers of Europe,\u201d Adams replied bluntly: \u201cIndeed I am.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt is obvious,\u201d he continued, \u201cthat all the powers of Europe will be continually maneuvering with us to work us into real or imaginary balances of power. They will all wish to make us a make-weight candle, when they are weighing out their pounds. Indeed, it is not surprising; for we shall very often, if not always, be able to turn the scale. But I think it out to be our rule not to meddle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since Monroe first uttered the foreign policy, however, the Monroe Doctrine has been codified and used to justify American interventions is Latin America. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Forty-two years later,<b> <\/b>the declaration, combined with the ideas of Manifest Destiny, \u201cprovided precedent and support for U.S. expansion on the American continent,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1801-1829\/monroe\" rel=\"\">writes the State Department<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1865, the U.S. government, in support of Mexican President Benito Ju\u00e1rez, exerted military and diplomatic pressure that enabled Ju\u00e1rez to remove Emperor Maximilian, who had been placed on the throne by the French government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Monroe Doctrine came into its own and acquired its imperialist character, however, under President Theodore Roosevelt and his \u201cBig Stick\u201d foreign policy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In his 1904 message to Congress, Roosevelt issued his own corollary, tying action to the doctrine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cChronic wrongdoing &#8230; may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAnd in the Western Hemisphere,\u201d Roosevelt noted, \u201cthe adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acting as an \u201cinternational police power\u201d saw the U.S. annex Hawaii, seize Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam, intervene in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti and the Dominican Republic and help foment Panama\u2019s secession from Colombia to pave the way for the Panama Canal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Cold War led to further interventions regarding fruit in Guatemala and oil in Iran, Mark T. Gilderhus, a former diplomatic history professor at Texas Christian University, <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1741-5705.2006.00282.x\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"\" title=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1741-5705.2006.00282.x\">wrote<\/a> in 2006. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Couched in rhetoric emphasizing commitments to solidarity and democracy, Gilderhus wrote, the doctrine had \u201cconsistently served U.S. policy makers as a means for advancing what they understood as national strategic and economic interests.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet in the latter half of the 20th century, the Monroe Doctrine and empire building fell out of vogue. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the Trump administration, however, the policy is back in fashion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On Saturday, Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, were extracted from their home in the capital of Venezuela and arrived in New York to face U.S. charges of participating in narco-terrorism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trump emphasized that Venezuela, under Maduro\u2019s rule, had been \u201cincreasingly hosting foreign adversaries in our region and acquiring menacing offensive weapons that could threaten U.S. interests.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On Saturday, Trump defended his Cabinet\u2019s move by citing the Monroe Doctrine, describing Maduro\u2019s actions as being \u201cin gross violation of the core principles of American foreign policy dating back more than two centuries.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He also cited one factor that appears to be decisive: oil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe want to surround ourselves with good neighbors, we want to surround ourselves with stability, and we want to surround ourselves with energy. We have tremendous energy in that country. It\u2019s very important that we protect it. We need that for ourselves. We need that for the world,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent months, Venezuela has emerged as a focus for Trump because, as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/politics\/policy\/trump-ups-pressure-on-venezuela-but-repeatedly-shifts-the-rationale-a3906b27?mod=author_content_page_1_pos_4\" rel=\"\">Wall Street Journal reports<\/a>, it encapsulates a number of his priorities, including deporting migrants, fighting drug traffickers, asserting U.S. power across the Western Hemisphere and securing access to the country\u2019s massive oil reserves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maduro\u2019s extraction is the most assertive American action regarding regime change since the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the toppling of Saddam Hussein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAmerica will never allow foreign powers to rob our people or drive us \u2026 out of our own hemisphere,\u201d Trump said. \u201cThe future will be determined by the ability to protect commerce and territory and resources that are core to national security.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Laid out in the November U.S. National Security Strategy, the administration cites the Monroe Doctrine and, like Roosevelt, dubbed its policy in the Western Hemisphere the \u201cTrump Corollary.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAfter years of neglect, the United States will reassert and enforce the Monroe Doctrine to restore American preeminence in the Western Hemisphere, and to protect our homeland and our access to key geographies throughout the region,\u201d the document said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe will deny non-Hemispheric competitors the ability to position forces or other threatening capabilities, or to own or control strategically vital assets, in our Hemisphere. This \u2018Trump Corollary\u2019 to the Monroe Doctrine is a common-sense and potent restoration of American power and priorities, consistent with American security interests,\u201d it continued.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maduro\u2019s government has called the American seizure \u201cimperialist.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIf we normalize the kidnapping of a head of state, no country is safe,\u201d Maduro\u2019s son, Nicol\u00e1s Maduro Guerra, said Monday. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cToday it\u2019s Venezuela, tomorrow it could be any nation that refuses to submit. This is not a regional problem, it is a direct threat to global stability, to humanity and to the sovereign equality of nations.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Barack Obama declared the Monroe doctrine &#8220;dead.&#8221; Under Trump, it finds new life. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":110794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":48,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[160,11,36,30,48,226],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3490],"class_list":["post-48385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-news-roundup","category-global","category-newsletters","category-smr","category-the-americas","category-venezuela"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"OTCBIEONVRHRHPPPSCKFSI7TFU","arc_canonical_url":"\/veterans\/military-history\/2026\/01\/05\/monroe-to-donroe-a-dead-doctrines-revival-for-current-operations\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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