{"id":51561,"date":"2020-09-10T19:36:58","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T19:36:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2020\/09\/10\/ais-dogfight-triumph-a-step-toward-human-machine-teaming\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T23:47:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T23:47:55","slug":"ais-dogfight-triumph-a-step-toward-human-machine-teaming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/industry\/2020\/09\/10\/ais-dogfight-triumph-a-step-toward-human-machine-teaming\/","title":{"rendered":"AI\u2019s dogfight triumph a step toward human-machine teaming"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WASHINGTON \u2015 Human fighter pilots, your jobs are safe for now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Weeks after an artificial intelligence algorithm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c4isrnet.com\/artificial-intelligence\/2020\/08\/21\/ai-algorithm-defeats-human-fighter-pilot-in-simulated-dogfight\/\" target=_blank>defeated<\/a> a human pilot in a simulated dogfight between F-16 jets, the Pentagon\u2019s director of research and engineering for modernization said Thursday at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/smr\/defense-news-conference\/\" target=_blank>Defense News Conference<\/a> that it\u2019s more likely an AI will team with military pilots than replace them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI don\u2019t see human pilots being phased out, I see them being enhanced, not physically, but I see their work, their effectiveness being enhanced by cooperation with artificial intelligence systems,\u201d said Mark Lewis, who also serves as the acting deputy undersecretary of defense for research and engineering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The AlphaDogfight Trials in August marked the finale of the Pentagon research agency\u2019s AI air combat competition. The now-notorious algorithm, developed by Heron Systems, easily defeated the fighter pilot in all five rounds that capped off a yearlong competition hosted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \u2015 which is overseen by Lewis and the Defense Department\u2019s research and engineering shop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe key takeaway from that was the artificial intelligence system did so well because it wasn\u2019t so concerned about self-preservation, it was willing to do things that a human pilot wouldn\u2019t do. And that\u2019s the advantage of artificial intelligence,\u201d Lewis said. \u201cI think the real answer is teaming AI with a human for the best combination of both. So I\u2019m pretty confident we\u2019re going to have human pilots into the future.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The AlphaDogfight Trials were a subset of the Air Combat Evolution program, or ACE, which is one of a few DARPA efforts exploring human-machine teaming, agency spokesman Jared Adams said in an email.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ACE is using human-machine collaborative dogfighting to increase trust in combat autonomy, and the goal is for it to scale to more complex multi-aircraft scenarios to pave the way for live, campaign-level experimentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/industry\/techwatch\/2020\/09\/09\/dod-to-pit-ai-vs-human-pilots-in-live-fighter-trials-by-2024\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/F16-fighting-falcon.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Pentagon to pit AI against human pilots in live fighter trials<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Still, the Defense Department is likely years away from AI-controlled fighters seeing combat.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fiscal 2023 will see the first in a yearlong series of trials using tactical fighter-class aircraft (currently L-39 trainers), with safety pilots on board to assist in case of trouble. Those pilots would be given \u201chigher cognitive level battle management tasks while their aircraft fly dogfights,\u201d all while sensors gauge the pilot\u2019s attention, stress and trust in the AI, Adams said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DARPA foresees a single human pilot serving as a mission commander in a manned aircraft, orchestrating multiple autonomous, unmanned platforms that would all be engaged in individual tactics. ACE would ultimately deliver that capability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cACE, therefore, seeks to create a hierarchical framework for autonomy in which higher-level cognitive functions (e.g., developing an overall engagement strategy, selecting and prioritizing targets, determining best weapon or effect, etc.) may be performed by a human, while lower-level functions (i.e., details of aircraft maneuver and engagement tactics) is left to the autonomous system,\u201d Adams said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn order for this to be possible, the pilot must be able to trust the autonomy to conduct complex combat behaviors in scenarios such as the within-visual-range dogfight before progressing to beyond-visual-range engagements.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In announcing the future trials using tactical aircraft on Wednesday, Defense Secretary Mark Esper said: \u201cAI\u2019s role in our lethality is to support human decision-makers, not replace them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe see AI as a tool to free up resources, time and manpower so our people can focus on higher-priority tasks and arrive at the decision point, whether in a lab or on the battlefield, faster and more precise than the competition,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But Esper warned that both Russia and China were pursuing fully autonomous systems, and drew a distinction between them and what he described as the U.S. military\u2019s ethically guided approach to AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAt this moment, Chinese weapons manufacturers are selling autonomous drones they claim can conduct lethal targeted strikes,\u201d he said. \u201cMeanwhile, the Chinese government is advancing the development of next-generation stealth UAVs, which they are preparing to export internationally.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i>Andrew Eversden contributed to this report.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Pentagon\u2019s director of research and engineering for modernization says it\u2019s more likely that an AI will team with military pilots than replace 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