{"id":64012,"date":"2023-01-30T21:04:01","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T21:04:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2023\/01\/30\/turkey-frustrates-finlands-and-swedens-nato-bids\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T00:48:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T00:48:19","slug":"turkey-frustrates-finlands-and-swedens-nato-bids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/global\/europe\/2023\/01\/30\/turkey-frustrates-finlands-and-swedens-nato-bids\/","title":{"rendered":"Turkey frustrates Finland\u2019s and Sweden\u2019s NATO bids"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HELSINKI \u2014 Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019s dogged opposition to Sweden\u2019s application for membership of NATO has stymied hopes in Stockholm and Helsinki that Ankara will give its approval <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/europe\/2022\/12\/29\/sweden-finland-try-future-ally-path-with-turkey-in-bid-to-join-nato\/\">ahead of parliamentary elections<\/a> in Turkey slated for May 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The already tense diplomatic relations between Turkey and Sweden were strained further on Jan. 21 when  Danish politician, Rasmus Paludan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/jan\/27\/burning-of-quran-in-stockholm-funded-by-journalist-with-kremlin-ties-sweden-nato-russia\">burned a copy of the Quran<\/a> in front of the Turkish Embassy in Stockholm. An effigy of Erdo\u011fan was also \u201chung\u201d during the protest by Kurd separatists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkey wants Finland and Sweden to implement all aspects of the Trilateral Memorandum (TR) signed by the three countries in June 2022. The TR demands that the Nordic applicant states adopt tougher measures against representatives of terrorism groups, including the PKK, in their countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, Turkey is demanding that Sweden and Finland end their \u201carms embargo\u201d on Turkey, setting this as a condition of Ankara\u2019s support for their NATO membership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finland and Sweden do not operate official bans on the export of military equipment to Turkey, but neither country has issued export licenses since Turkey launched a ground attack offensive against Syrian Kurds in south-eastern Syria in 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The leader of Denmark\u2019s ultra-right-wing Hard Line party, Paludan, came to the attention of Danish and Swedish authorities in April 2022 when he revealed plans for a \u201cKoran burning tour\u201d in Sweden and Denmark during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paludan initially abandoned the plan following warnings of possible arrest by authorities in Sweden and Denmark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkey responded angrily to the burning of the Quran in Stockholm, accusing the Swedish government of compliance by failing to stop the anti-Islam protest led by Kurdish activists. Turkish President Erdo\u011fan warned Stockholm that Sweden should \u201cno longer count on Turkey\u2019s support for its bid to join NATO.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rising concern over Turkey\u2019s negative position on Sweden\u2019s NATO membership has resulted in a deepening of cross-border talks between Stockholm and Helsinki. The two Nordic unaligned states had planned to \u201cjump together\u201d in to the Alliance. The scaled-up tensions between Turkey and Sweden are endangering that ambition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finland is holding more regular talks with Sweden to deal with the problems besetting the accession process. Recent talks since Jan. 26 have involved meetings between Sweden\u2019s Foreign Minister Tobias Billstr\u00f6m, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg and Finland\u2019s Foreign Minister Pekka Haavisto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFinland and Sweden remain in agreement, that irrespective of all current objections and obstacles we will continue our joint journey into NATO. We plan to work on common measures to ratify our membership and join at the same time. Against the backdrop of the events in Stockholm, I honestly do not think we will see any significant progress in that ratification before the elections in Turkey in May,\u201d Haavisto said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sweden and Finland are now hoping, based on the outcome of May elections in Turkey, that both countries could receive Turkey\u2019s support to ratify membership before the NATO Summit scheduled for Vilnius, Lithuania, on July 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sweden and Finland remain optimistic they will obtain membership approval from Hungary in February or March. Hungary and Turkey are the two NATO member states that have yet to ratify the two Nordic countries\u2019 accession bids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkey\u2019s strong opposition to Sweden\u2019s NATO application, while it remains more open to Finnish membership, has raised concerns that Ankara may be playing politics with a sensitive defense issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Erdo\u011fan\u2019s open hostility towards Sweden could be aimed at gaining more influence in NATO and with the United States, said Aras Lindh, a Middle East and North Africa researcher at the Swedish Foreign Policy Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe possibility that Erdo\u011fan\u2019s words form a tactical statement must not be ignored. It could be an attempt to drive a wedge between Sweden and Finland, or a response to the United States,\u201d Lindh said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With Turkey disapproving of Sweden\u2019s membership application, prime minister Ulf Kristersson\u2019s government could face the stark prospect of having to abandon its candidacy of NATO, a development that would isolate it from all other Nordic states in the Alliance and serve to potentially weaken traditional and longstanding pan-Nordic defense collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The accession by Finland and Sweden to NATO will take longer than anticipated, said Paul Levin, Director of Stockholm University\u2019s Institute for Turkish Studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cRelations between Sweden and Turkey have been fraught with tension for some time. The same is true for Turkey\u2019s relations with Finland. However, these latest developments and the undertone of statements by Turkey\u2019s president have sharpened significantly. The rift will take time to heal,\u201d Levin said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mood in Helsinki, which is closely monitoring diplomatic interactions between Stockholm and Ankara, remains cautiously optimistic that progress can be made to move the status of Finland\u2019s and Sweden\u2019s applications forward with Turkey\u2019s support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finland\u2019s President, Sauli Niinist\u00f6, told a press briefing in Helsinki on Jan. 27 that \u201cserious discussions\u201d are required with the Erdo\u011fan government to restore trust between the three countries while prioritizing the implementation of all strands of the TR before the NATO Summit in July.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThere needs to be serious man-to-man discussions with President Erdo\u011fan. Right now, it\u2019s starting to look very much as if the Turkish presidential elections will take precedence and not much will happen before then,\u201d Niinist\u00f6 said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkey\u2019s more favorable view of Finland\u2019s NATO application is helped by a number of important recent events. Finland\u2019s Ministry of Defense granted new defense materiel export permits to Turkey in mid-January 2023, allowing the shipment of reinforced steel from the Raahe-based company Miilux Oy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2021, the MoD rejected an export license application by Miilux to export steel for use in the manufacture of armored vehicles in Turkey. Seventy percent of Miilux\u2019s shares are owned by the Turkish OYAK pension fund. The MoD is currently engaged in adopting new measures to simplify the export of military kits to Turkey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ankara digs in after an ultra-right-wing politician burned a copy of the Quran in 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