{"id":67821,"date":"2024-06-21T14:48:42","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T14:48:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2024\/06\/21\/the-eus-fresh-designs-for-funding-a-defense-resurgence-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-08-20T16:09:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T16:09:41","slug":"the-eus-fresh-designs-for-funding-a-defense-resurgence-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/global\/europe\/2024\/06\/21\/the-eus-fresh-designs-for-funding-a-defense-resurgence-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"The EU\u2019s fresh designs for funding a defense resurgence, explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BERLIN \u2014 The European Union is gearing up to boost defense spending across the continent amid the threat from Russia and fears of a wavering U.S. commitment, creating or expanding avenues for funding defense projects through EU-level institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The collection of small moves aimed at steering the Brussels bureaucracy towards defense outcomes effectively erodes a longstanding taboo, as the bloc\u2019s foundational texts were interpreted as leaving military spending entirely to member nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The funds newly made available for research and development and potentially for military procurement could reach into the billions of euros, according to analysts. The reshuffling of EU decision-makers through elections this year has the potential to strengthen these trends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The watershed moment came in the form of Russia\u2019s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022, bringing war to the doorstep of the European project. Since then, most EU countries have increased their national defense budgets. Meanwhile, leaders in Brussels looked for ways to supplement the capitals\u2019 efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, the bloc leveraged its resources to set in motion a joint purchase of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/europe\/2024\/06\/20\/european-ammo-firms-tell-eu-to-hurry-up-with-155mm-shell-aid-top-up\/\">ammunition for Ukraine<\/a> in a \u20ac500 million ($537 million) package just four days after the invasion commenced. It marked the first time in history that the EU purchased lethal weapons. Since then, Brussels has mobilized \u20ac11.1 billion ($11.9 billion) on Ukraine\u2019s behalf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The inanely named European Peace Facility, under which the defense-financing scheme is playing out, has emerged as a key mechanism. Formed in 2021, it\u2019s effectively an account outside the regular books, which means it faces fewer restrictions on what it can be used for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, the European Investment Bank has loosened its rules on lending for military projects. The bank provides favorable loans and technical assistance to European companies to foster home-grown innovation. Until April of this year, the bank could only fund projects that would receive more than half of their revenue from civilian uses. While the bank still won\u2019t fund purely military initiatives, the scrapping of the fifty-percent rule, encouraged by the EU\u2019s member states in March and then swiftly implemented, has opened the door to funding technologies that may be primarily of military use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cUnfortunately, the war in Ukraine has made it clear that we need to reinforce Europe\u00b4s security and defense industry,\u201d an EIB spokesperson told Defense News in an email. \u201cAs the financial arm of the EU, we must contribute to ensuring Europe\u2019s peace and security.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bank\u2019s president, Nadia Calvi\u00f1o, has declared defense and security a \u201cstrategic priority,\u201d saying in February that the bank was ready to play a more active role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More red tape was cut with the implementation of a \u201cone-stop shop,\u201d as she put it \u2013 a dedicated office to work with defense-related companies seeking the bank\u2019s financial support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While far from a replacement for national spending, the bank\u2019s funds are significant. The EIB has set itself a target of funding \u20ac8 billion ($7.51 billion) through its Strategic European Security Initiative until the end of 2027, of which it has already disbursed \u20ac2 billion ($2.15 billion) in the program\u2019s first two years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The spokesperson, who asked to remain unnamed to be able to speak more freely, said that the bank\u2019s managers expect key areas for funding through this avenue will include quantum computing, semiconductors, space, materials, biodefence, autonomous systems and sensing technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even more backing is now possible through indirect funding \u2013 equity, securitization, and guarantee products by the bank and its subsidiaries \u2013 following a revision of the rules in early May, the spokesperson added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The EIB\u2019s new clout in the security sphere \u2013 even if still ostensibly with the aim of developing civilian technologies \u2013 is in addition to existing EU money sources like European Defence Fund, which provides an additional \u20ac8 billion available to national governments until 2027.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the procurement side, there has been talk about repurposing the European Stability Mechanism \u2013 created to assist struggling countries and stabilize the Eurozone \u2013 to be able to provide defense-related funding, potentially even for purchasing military equipment by Eurozone countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ESM Managing Director Pierre Gramegna has advocated for the idea publicly and privately. He indicated there had been considerable interest across the continent, though unanimity is needed to reform the fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI have been reaching out to countries \u2026 by visiting the 20 member countries of the euro area, which are the 20 members of the ESM, to get views on how we could make the ESM in the future even more meaningful, especially in the times of external crisis,\u201d Gramegna said at a Eurogroup meeting in March of this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most notable holdout remains Italy, which calls the ESM obsolete and has blocked any recent attempts to reform it. \u201cThe point of Italy is to say we need an ESM that can be used on more occasions. Now, on one issue where we have already a solution, they are unfortunately not yet convinced,\u201d Gramega said in an interview with NBC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ESM functions like an intergovernmental treaty, thereby putting it outside of the defense caveats associated with the EU budget. It is conceivable, for example, that the mechanism could dole out cheap cash for the procurement of weapons. At \u20ac422 billion ($453 billion), the lending capacity of the ESM is far greater than any EU country\u2019s military budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, who has been campaigning for a second term, has pledged to install for the first time a commissioner for defense following her reelection, a move that could further jolt the bloc\u2019s defense and security muscles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, some insiders believe the pace of change will be slow, and there are still differing opinions about what the defense of Ukraine means for Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThings usually only happen fast if there is a super crisis which is not the case right now,\u201d said Manica Hauptmann, political head of the Representation of the European Commission in Berlin. \u201cIt\u2019s super open how these discussions will develop.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The European Investment Bank will underwrite new defense investments, with a huge economic-bailout scheme also waiting in the 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