{"id":69105,"date":"2025-01-21T12:44:49","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T12:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/uncategorized\/2025\/01\/21\/in-japan-a-more-muted-cheering-for-the-british-led-gcap-warplane\/"},"modified":"2026-08-20T14:06:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T14:06:45","slug":"in-japan-a-more-muted-cheering-for-the-british-led-gcap-warplane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/global\/europe\/2025\/01\/21\/in-japan-a-more-muted-cheering-for-the-british-led-gcap-warplane\/","title":{"rendered":"In Japan, a more muted cheering for the British-led GCAP warplane"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MANILA, Philippines \u2014 Japan and British defense ministers met last week  to discuss an ongoing joint fighter jet development program with Italy and to unveil the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/europe\/2024\/12\/13\/trilateral-joint-venture-to-manage-gcap-warplane-work-from-london\/\">trinational headquarters<\/a> for the project in Reading, 36 miles west of London.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japan defense minister Gen Nakatani\u2019s U.K. itinerary includes a meeting with Secretary of State for Defense John Healy on the Global Combat Air Programme and a visit to the headquarters of the GCAP International Government Organization (GIGO), the international body tasked with overseeing its development, production, and future exports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cToday, Minister Nakatani and I have highlighted the positive progress being made on our important next-generation fighter jet program, to strengthen our security cooperation,\u201d Healy was quoted as saying in a press release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partners are developing the fighter jets to enter service in 2035 while incurring less costs. The timeframe is crucial for Japan which will start retiring around 100 F-2s in the same year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The three countries are expected to hammer out the finer details in Reading, including work, cost, and revenue sharing; proprietary information and technology transfers; and the involvement of third countries like Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAll three countries and all the people want to have more work share and profit, but they will minimize the financial responsibility as well,\u201d says Sadamasa Oue, consulting senior fellow of the Asia Pacific Initiative of the International House of Japan, a Tokyo-based think tank. Oue is a retired lieutenant general of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis is going to be a very difficult negotiation,\u201d Oue tells Defense News.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Britain, GCAP is a popular, widely reported multinational initiative. Groups waited with bated breath when Prime Minister Keir Starmer took office and heaved a collective sigh of relief when he approved the program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While experts scrutinized the U.K.\u2019s two billion pounds ($2.4 billion) allocation for initial research and scoping, GCAP partners drummed up attention when they unveiled the fighter jet\u2019s concept model at the Farnborough Airshow near London in July.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And British officials in a comprehensive report last week reiterated a need to rein in finances and \u201cbreak the mould\u201d of previous programs, which saw decades-long delays, development hurdles, and massive cost overruns. They also called for annual allocations to sustain British engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, there is \u201cGCAP silence\u201d in Japan, says James Angelus, President of the International Security Industry Council, a Tokyo-based group devoted to connecting Western and Japanese defense firms. Last year, they wanted to raise awareness of the fighter jets, which the public knew little or nothing about. This attempt, Angelus says, met objections.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/defensenews\/global\/europe\/2024\/07\/22\/uk-led-fighter-program-is-still-open-ish-to-paying-partners\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/GettyImages-2162384306.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">UK-led fighter program is still open-ish to paying partners<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">The prospect of Saudi Arabia, an authoritarian monarchy, joining GCAP has tickled the imagination of the global aviation commentariat<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe try to put together a program for GCAP \u2014 it\u2019s on our website: the next fighter jet \u2014 but we had to modify the title and keep the word GCAP out of the title. Why? Because of so many objections from Japan,\u201d Angelus told Defense News. Local officials, he added, didn\u2019t want the program to be a focus. \u201cWe have a lot of big decisions we have not made,\u201d Angelus said, summarizing the local officials\u2019 reason for the apprehension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the analyst, local companies involved in the company \u201care a little embarrassed. They want to come out at a time when they can really trumpet success\u2026 that [they] have this formula put together.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GCAP is Japan\u2019s largest, most expensive and most important defense project since the Asian nation redefined Article 9 of its pacifist constitution and relaxed post-war arms export policies in 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, it took eight years before the government released a new security strategy in December 2022 that elaborated buildup goals, troop deployments, and defense transfers amid increasing nuclear missile threats from North Korea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GCAP is expected to revitalize Japan\u2019s defense industry, which faced public criticism in the past, says Yusuke Takagi, associate professor of the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, a public policy school and think tank in Tokyo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe defense industry in Japan has been in trouble for decades. There are many people who want to cut the defense industry. They say, \u2018Japan should be a pacifist nation, Japan doesn\u2019t need a defense industry\u2019\u2014that\u2019s one position,\u201d Takagi said. \u201cAnd some politicians are very concerned about these voices.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since signing the GCAP treaty in 2022, Japan has allocated billions of yen for research and development to be spread out over the next five years in its annual defense budget and tapped hundreds of engineers, experts and personnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in July last year established with Japanese Aerospace Companies the Japan Aircraft Industrial Enhancement Co. Ltd., or JAIEC, a unified entity representing the domestic defense industry in the trinational collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before leaving office last fall, then-Prime Minister Fumio Kishida wrangled with lawmakers, even with coalition partners, to revise the existing defense transfer rules to accommodate GCAP. The policy was loosened but the Diet, the national parliament, set strict conditions on future exports, which experts hope will be changed before 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, opposition parties criticized the move, saying it\u2019s a preamble to Japan becoming an arms exporter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GCAP is likely to face similar political resistance and public scrutiny in the future. The ruling Liberal Democratic Party led by Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba and its junior coalition partner Komeito failed to take majority seats in last year\u2019s elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oue says revising defense transfer rules will not be a high priority or might not even be tackled in this Cabinet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This may also derail the remaining years of Japan\u2019s five-year buildup plan to set aside 2% of the country GDP on defense spending as the country grapples with high inflation, shrinking yen, and a social welfare crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWeak ruling party, weak government is problematic,\u201d Oue says. \u201cI hope this Cabinet or the following Cabinet\u2014I don\u2019t when know the next election will be conducted and if Prime Minister Ishiba will still be surviving or not, but I hope that despite this political situation, GCAP is implemented as planned.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIf the government can convince the people that GCAP is by far cheaper than fighter jets from the United States, maybe it can be popular, but I don\u2019t think so,\u201d Takagi says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Experts said a much bigger player might influence GCAP: President Donald Trump\u2019s return to the White House.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike President Joe Biden who built and strengthened alliance networks, experts describe Trump as \u201cunpredictable,\u201d \u201ctransactional,\u201d and \u201cdemanding.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cHe prioritizes arms deals that are beneficial for the American defense industry,\u201d Takagi says. \u201cDuring the first Trump administration, Prime Minister (Shinzo) Abe had a good relationship with Trump, so somehow he managed the relationship. But now, our prime minister is not as strong as Abe so we don\u2019t know to what extent Japan can absorb the pressure from the United States,\u201d Takagi explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAnd even under Abe \u2026 Abe promised to buy more fighter jets from the United States,\u201d Takagi pointed out, adding that with Trump in office, GCAP might face competition from American-made jets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oue agrees but says the Japanese government needs convince the Trump administration about their security strategy. \u201cJapan will try to play an important role in improving the security environment in this region and work together with the United States to deter China, North Korea, and Russia,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The best next step for GCAP, Takagi says, is to make it more concrete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey have to show the progress of the program,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s quite often the case that there are delays. How is this carrier program being carried out, show it one by one, step by step\u2026 If Saudi Arabia comes into the picture\u2014yes, why don\u2019t we invite the Saudis more?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI think time is of the essence \u2026 and I think Japan\u2019s going to make its decisions based on what\u2019s happening in Ukraine and Russia. And they\u2019re going to support the Brits with the GCAP program. They are committed,\u201d Angelus says.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By contrast, there is \u201cGCAP silence\u201d in Japan, says one local observer of business ties between Japan and the West.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":118937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":46,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[7,160,46,11,36],"tags":[8616,8594,8643],"coauthors":[3459],"class_list":["post-69105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-air","category-daily-news-roundup","category-europe","category-global","category-newsletters","tag-italy","tag-japan","tag-united-kingdom"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"3TP4BHSBYBHD7LCN56PR4ECTL4","arc_canonical_url":"\/global\/europe\/2025\/01\/21\/in-japan-a-more-muted-cheering-for-the-british-led-gcap-warplane\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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