{"id":26976,"date":"2023-10-10T15:30:50","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T15:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/federaltimes\/uncategorized\/2023\/10\/10\/amazon-antitrust-lawsuit-likely-to-be-a-long-arduous-journey-for-ftc\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T05:13:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T05:13:26","slug":"amazon-antitrust-lawsuit-likely-to-be-a-long-arduous-journey-for-ftc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/federaltimes\/federal-oversight\/doj-fbi\/2023\/10\/10\/amazon-antitrust-lawsuit-likely-to-be-a-long-arduous-journey-for-ftc\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazon antitrust lawsuit likely to be a long, arduous journey for FTC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Amazon is heading into one of its biggest sales events of the year \u2014 Prime Day \u2014 with a lawsuit hanging over its head that accuses it of preventing sellers from hawking their merchandise at lower prices on other sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Federal Trade Commission\u2019s long-awaited antitrust case is the agency\u2019s most aggressive move yet to tame the market power of Amazon, a company that\u2019s become synonymous with online shopping and fast deliveries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under chair Lina Khan, the agency hasn\u2019t been shy about taking big swings against some of America\u2019s biggest companies and testing the limits of competition law to reverse what many of her supporters see as decades of weak antitrust enforcement. But that approach has also led to some high-profile setbacks, most notably in the FTC\u2019s bid to block Microsoft\u2019s takeover of Activision Blizzard<\/a> and Meta\u2019s acquisition of the virtual reality startup Within Unlimited<\/a>. The FTC is appealing the judge\u2019s ruling<\/a> in the Microsoft case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Amazon case, which was backed by 17 states, marks a full-circle moment for Khan, who is finally confronting the company she scrutinized in an influential scholarly paper she penned as a Yale Law student. In the paper, which was called \u201cAmazon\u2019s Antitrust Paradox\u201d and released in 2017, Khan argued the prevailing way of looking at anticompetitive conduct by the impact it has on prices was insufficient in the modern economy. Instead, she pushed for a more progressive approach that examines how corporate concentration impacts the broader market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two years ago, Khan was tapped to lead the FTC by President Joe Biden, whose administration has taken a tougher stance on antitrust enforcement. That same year, Amazon unsuccessfully sought to get her recused from agency probes against the company, arguing she was too biased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, her agency must prove in court both that Amazon is a monopoly and is using its dominance to prevent competition from flourishing in the marketplace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf we succeed, competition will be restored and people will benefit from lower prices, greater quality, greater selection as a result,\u201d Khan said during a recent call with reporters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A final decision in Amazon case will likely come years down the road, assuming the lawsuit isn\u2019t dropped under a new administration, dismissed by a judge or ends in a settlement akin to the one Amazon reached with European regulators last year<\/a>. A similar lawsuit filed last year by the state of California<\/a> is set to go to trial in 2026. The District of Columbia also tried to sue Amazon<\/a> on antitrust grounds before, but its lawsuit was dismissed by a federal judge last year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Experts say the FTC faces a few hurdles in its own case, including convincing the court which slice of the market Amazon is allegedly monopolizing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 172-page complaint filed in federal court, the government paints a picture of an institution that strong-arms sellers and exercises monopoly power in what it calls the \u201conline superstore market\u201d and \u201conline marketplace services.\u201d This isn\u2019t the entire U.S. e-commerce sector, of which Amazon is estimated to control about 40%. But rather, the agency is describing the types of single-destination online stores that offer a large array of products, and allows sellers to access a significant number of shoppers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a blog post responding to the lawsuit<\/a>, Amazon General Counsel David Zapolsky accused the FTC of attempting to \u201cgerrymander alleged market\u201d to portray Amazon as something it\u2019s not. He said consumers buy over 80% of all retail products in physical stores and that Amazon was \u201cjust a piece of a massive and robust retail market\u201d that offers options to consumers and sellers. Brick-and-mortar retailers, online stores and newer buy-online-pick-up-in-store options, he says, are all competing vigorously with each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Online, Amazon has been facing growing competition from traditional retailers including Walmart, and Chinese shopping sites Shein and Temu, which became popular by offering ultra-cheap goods. There are also platforms like Etsy and Shopify that are enabling small businesses to sell directly to consumers, and specialist retailers like Wayfair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhichever way you look, there are companies competing with Amazon,\u201d said Neil Saunders, managing director at GlobalData Retail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Besides the jargon around market definitions, the substance of the agency\u2019s complaint focuses on Amazon\u2019s growing fees on third-party sellers and its ramifications on consumers. It accuses the e-commerce company of squeezing sellers through various fees and employing a massive web-crawling apparatus that punishes them for offering lower prices on other sites. The FTC also alleges Amazon keeps sellers dependent on services that have allowed it to collect billions in revenue every year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zapolsky counters that Amazon \u2014 just like any store owner that doesn\u2019t want to promote bad deals \u2014 doesn\u2019t highlight listings that aren\u2019t competitively priced. He also said the services the company provides to sellers are optional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Amazon case comes as federal prosecutors and state attorneys general are in the middle of a 10-week trial trying to prove Google rigged the market<\/a> in its favor by locking in its search engine as the default choice in a plethora of places and devices. That case was brought by the Department of Justice and marks the biggest U.S. antitrust trial since regulators went after Microsoft and its dominance of personal computer software a quarter century ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maurice Stucke, a former senior advisor at agency during Khan\u2019s tenure, said even though there have been some notable antitrust cases, there hasn\u2019t been that much case law around monopolization in the past few decades, limiting the examples the FTC can draw from for its Amazon lawsuit. And even if the FTC wins its lawsuit years down the line, he said changes in the market could make it possible for Amazon to maintain its dominance without engaging in the activities the agency is alleging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOnce you get to relief, it might be too little too late,\u201d said Stucke, who currently teaches law at the University of Tennessee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For her part, Khan has dodged questions about whether the agency would try to break up Amazon. She said its focus right now is on establishing liability. The lawsuit, though, does call for \u201cstructural relief,\u201d which means the agency could \u2014 down the road \u2014 ask the court to change the way Amazon works in minor or major ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overall, there has not been a lot of monopolization cases that have ended in a court ordering a company to divest itself, said Sean Sullivan, a professor at the University of Iowa College of Law who teaches antitrust law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cJudges are trying really hard to do the right thing,\u201d he said. \u201cBut they\u2019re also conscious that if they make a mistake, that type of remedy is potentially very costly and would have massive economic ramifications.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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