{"id":139403,"date":"2025-08-13T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/militarytimes\/uncategorized\/2025\/08\/13\/chinas-military-wants-to-target-us-undersea-sensor-network-analysis\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T01:22:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T01:22:18","slug":"chinas-military-wants-to-target-us-undersea-sensor-network-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/militarytimes\/flashpoints\/china\/2025\/08\/13\/chinas-military-wants-to-target-us-undersea-sensor-network-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s military wants to target US undersea sensor network: Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Submarines are a major part of China\u2019s naval strategy. And U.S. underwater sensors are a major threat to those subs, Chinese experts warn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, some People\u2019s Liberation Army Navy, or PLAN, officers are advocating a systematic attempt to destroy America\u2019s undersea sensor network in time of war. This includes destroying, sabotaging or spoofing underwater microphones using a variety of countermeasures, from undersea drones to China\u2019s huge fleet of commercial fishing vessels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chinese experts believe that \u201cthe U.S. undersea surveillance system suffers from a number of vulnerabilities, amplified by the sheer scale of the Western Pacific battlespace,\u201d Ryan Martinson, a professor at the China Maritime Studies Institute at the U.S. Naval War College, wrote in an <a href=\"https:\/\/cimsec.org\/exposed-undersea-pla-navy-officer-reflections-on-chinas-not-so-silent-service\/\" rel=\"\">essay<\/a> for the Center for International Maritime Security. \u201cIf enough nodes are degraded, the system as a whole may lose its functionality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ironically, American and Chinese views of the undersea balance of power seem mirror images. The U.S. and its Pacific allies worry over China\u2019s growing submarine fleet, which the Pentagon <a href=\"https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2024\/Dec\/18\/2003615520\/-1\/-1\/0\/MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA-2024.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" title=\"https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2024\/Dec\/18\/2003615520\/-1\/-1\/0\/MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA-2024.PDF\">predicts<\/a> will reach 65 units this year and 80 by 2035. China already can deploy six nuclear ballistic and six nuclear attack submarines, plus a large number of conventional subs armed with anti-ship missiles, including 21 advanced Yuan-class diesel-electric boats.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/navytimes\/news\/your-navy\/2021\/09\/10\/a-persistent-proximate-threat-why-the-navy-is-preparing-for-a-fight-under-the-sea\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/sub1_web.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">A \u2018persistent, proximate threat\u2019: Why the Navy is preparing for a fight under the sea<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Navy leaders are concerned about increased Russian submarine activity in the North Atlantic and Chinese submarine activity in the Pacific. The U.S. homeland is no longer a sanctuary from such threats, they warn.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For its part, China worries that an intensive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/news\/your-navy\/2023\/04\/07\/navy-partner-nations-conclude-anti-submarine-warfare-exercise-in-guam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" title=\"https:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/news\/your-navy\/2023\/04\/07\/navy-partner-nations-conclude-anti-submarine-warfare-exercise-in-guam\/\">American anti-submarine warfare<\/a>, or ASW, effort has already made Chinese subs too vulnerable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe PLAN is investing in submarines because it recognizes their tremendous potential deterrent and warfighting value,\u201d Martinson wrote. \u201cThat value, however, hinges on the ability of their boats to operate undetected. According to Chinese military experts however, that basic requirement cannot be guaranteed \u2014 not even close.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Martinson analyzed a November 2023 article written by three Chinese naval officers in Military Art, an internal Chinese military journal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis enables the authors to share their expertise with a candor that is rarely (if ever) seen in publicly-available PLA [People\u2019s Liberation Army] sources,\u201d Martinson noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Military Art article expressed fears that Chinese submarines are outmatched by what the authors depict as an \u201cintegrated, three-dimensional surveillance system.\u201d This includes warships, subs, aircraft, satellites, underwater drones, the undersea microphones of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-china-tech-surveillance\/\" rel=\"\">Integrated Undersea Surveillance System<\/a>, or IUSS, and surface ships hauling the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dote.osd.mil\/Portals\/97\/pub\/reports\/FY2012\/navy\/2012surtass.pdf?ver=2019-08-22-111611-643\" rel=\"\">Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System<\/a>, or SURTASS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where America sees a Chinese underwater armada, China sees an American bid to achieve \u201cunilateral transparency\u201d under the waves. As China sees it, this ASW dragnet is so broad that it uses survey ships to map undersea terrain and water conditions for optimal submarine detection, and oceanic surveillance vessels to capture submarine acoustic signatures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the Cold War, the U.S. and its allies created chokepoints \u2014 such as the Greenland-Iceland-U.K., or GIUK, Gap \u2014 through which Soviet submarines would have run a gauntlet of ASW ships, planes and undersea sensors to reach the North Atlantic. Today, some Chinese experts believe the U.S. can bar its subs \u201cfrom access to important sea lanes, threatening their \u2018navigational security\u2019 while transiting to and from training and operating areas,\u201d Martinson wrote. In particular, Beijing worries about the safety of its half-dozen nuclear ballistic missile submarines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe probability that PRC [People\u2019s Republic of China] submarines are discovered when leaving port is extremely high,\u201d according to the Military Art article. \u201cThere is a fairly high probability that PRC submarines will be detected and intercepted while operating in the Near Seas.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In turn, this admission is a \u201cdevastating indictment of the operational effectiveness of China\u2019s submarine force,\u201d Martinson pointed out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One question is whether these Chinese officers are exaggerating the prowess of U.S. ASW, perhaps in a bid to secure more resources or lobby for a more aggressive maritime policy. However, Bryan Clark, a researcher at the Hudson Institute think tank and a former U.S. Navy submarine officer, believes \u201ctheir overall assessment is realistic.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe U.S. IUSS network of fixed arrays and SURTASS ships has been effective at tracking submarines in important areas for decades,\u201d Clark told Defense News.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"629\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reagan.jpg_5087be.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reagan.jpg_5087be.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reagan.jpg_5087be.jpg?resize=300,157 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reagan.jpg_5087be.jpg?resize=768,403 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Reagan.jpg_5087be.jpg?resize=1024,537 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The U.S. Navy, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and Republic of Korea Navy conduct a trilateral anti-submarine warfare exercise east of the Korean Peninsula in September 2022. (MC3 Gray Gibson\/U.S. Navy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Either way, some kind of Chinese response to America\u2019s massive anti-submarine program was inevitable. In recent years, China has devoted great attention to disrupting the nervous system of the U.S. military: the elaborate and expensive networks that integrate communications, sensors, weapons and command-and-control systems. Not surprisingly, the Chinese authors advocate using the same approach to exploit multiple vulnerabilities in the U.S. ASW enterprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For starters, China\u2019s own conventional military capabilities have improved to the point that American ASW platforms, such as aircraft and ships, can no longer operate close to Chinese territory, according to the Military Art article. And as some in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/pentagon\/2025\/01\/28\/in-trumps-pentagon-a-growing-skepticism-about-us-military-power\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" title=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/pentagon\/2025\/01\/28\/in-trumps-pentagon-a-growing-skepticism-about-us-military-power\/\">Trump administration<\/a> would agree, U.S. forces are already overstretched. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More directly, Chinese forces can eliminate the individual nodes in the U.S. ASW system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cUndersea cables and arrays are \u2018fairly fragile and easily severed,\u2019\u201d while command-and-control systems \u2013 which the Chinese officers term the \u201cAchilles heel\u201d of the U.S. undersea sensor network \u2013 can be destroyed or disrupted through kinetic attacks or cyberwarfare.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/navytimes\/news\/your-navy\/2025\/04\/22\/unmanned-undersea-vessels-eyed-by-pentagon-as-key-part-of-navy-growth\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8167436.jpg.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Unmanned undersea vessels eyed by Pentagon as key part of Navy growth<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">As pressure rises on the U.S. Navy to boost its shipbuilding capacity, the Pentagon has released a call for a new type of unmanned undersea vessel.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To knock out American ASW in the Pacific, Chinese experts urge an intensive effort that will require long-term planning and resources. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAt the level of national strategy, China needs to combine both defensive measures and countermeasures, but it must place greater emphasis on countermeasures,\u201d Martinson explained. \u201cThat means prioritizing the development of capabilities needed to \u2018attack and damage\u2019 the U.S. undersea surveillance system.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These new capabilities would include technology to locate hidden undersea sensors and drones, utilizing acoustic, magnetic, optical, and electronic detection as well as artificial intelligence. The authors also call for developing unmanned underwater vehicles to destroy U.S. sensor arrays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clark questions how easily China could disrupt the U.S. ASW network. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe PLA could easily attack deployed SURTASS ships at the onset of a conflict and maybe attack small vehicles or fixed arrays that support IUSS,\u201d he said. \u201cThe operation, however, would take forces away from other missions and could require a substantial amount of time.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFinding small items in the water column or near the seabed is difficult,\u201d Clark added. \u201cThe operation would also keep PLA undersea forces inside the first island chain when they are better used outside the island chain during a conflict.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nonetheless, U.S. ASW does have vulnerabilities that China can exploit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe PLA may be better off overwhelming IUSS by simply mounting a large submarine deployment before a conflict,\u201d said Clark. \u201cU.S forces would not be able to attack PLA subs, and there wouldn\u2019t be enough U.S. subs and DDGs [destroyers] to trail all the deploying PLA subs.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultimately, whether China\u2019s civilian and military leadership heeds the recommendations of its navy remains to be seen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cStill, that they are being discussed by serious experts means that the PLAN may be considering them,\u201d Martinson warned. \u201cThus, U.S. Navy leaders must also take them seriously.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chinese experts believe that \u201cthe U.S. undersea surveillance system suffers from a number of vulnerabilities,&#8221; according to a U.S. Naval College professor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":119832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_acf":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":136,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_smg_distribution_targets":[]},"categories":[136,10,15,88],"tags":[],"coauthors":[3490],"class_list":["post-139403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china","category-flashpoints","category-news","category-your-military"],"acf":{"subheadline":"","legacy_arc_id":"MIOI3YFX3ZDJDFWXOWBISFZGNE","arc_canonical_url":"\/global\/asia-pacific\/2025\/08\/13\/chinas-military-wants-to-target-us-undersea-sensor-network-analysis\/","remove_feature_photo":false,"is_sponsored":false,"subtype":"","redirect_url":"","disable_inline_ads":false,"native_logo_pretext":"Presented 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according to a U.S. Naval College professor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/militarytimes\/flashpoints\/china\/2025\/08\/13\/chinas-military-wants-to-target-us-undersea-sensor-network-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Military Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-13T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-08T01:22:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Michael Peck\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Michael Peck\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\n\t    \"@context\": \"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\n\t    \"@graph\": [\n\t        {\n\t     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