{"id":45919,"date":"2023-12-11T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/navytimes\/uncategorized\/2023\/12\/11\/how-repealing-combat-ship-exclusion-laws-led-franchetti-to-become-cno\/"},"modified":"2026-08-08T19:58:56","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T19:58:56","slug":"how-repealing-combat-ship-exclusion-laws-led-franchetti-to-become-cno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/navytimes\/news\/your-navy\/2023\/12\/11\/how-repealing-combat-ship-exclusion-laws-led-franchetti-to-become-cno\/","title":{"rendered":"How repealing combat ship exclusion laws led Franchetti to become CNO"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thirty years ago,<b> <\/b>then-Lt. Lisa Franchetti eagerly awaited word on when she\u2019d finally get her chance to serve aboard a combatant ship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now the Navy\u2019s 33rd chief of naval operations, Adm. Franchetti and other women in the Navy at the time were barred from serving aboard combatant ships and aircraft \u2014 simply because they were women. Instead, they could only go to sea aboard non-combatant ships like destroyer tenders, and spots were limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, Franchetti remained hopeful she\u2019d get her shot in 1993, when President Clinton\u2019s Secretary of Defense, Les Aspin, urged Congress to pass a law repealing laws barring women from serving aboard combatants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But as the year continued without any changes or updates, Franchetti recalled feeling \u201cfrustrated\u201d when she instead received an assignment to an ammunition ship that delivered cargo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI felt like I was right on the cusp of the law changing, but I said, \u2018Maybe it\u2019ll change next time,\u2019\u201d Franchetti told Navy Times in an exclusive interview from her office at the Pentagon.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/navytimes\/news\/your-navy\/2023\/11\/02\/senate-finally-confirms-adm-franchetti-as-navys-top-officer\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/franchetti-pic.webp_.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">Senate finally confirms Adm. Franchetti as Navy\u2019s top officer<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Several other high-level Navy nominations are still awaiting a Senate vote.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still, Franchetti and her peers kept their eyes on the horizon and a day when Navy women could serve on any ship for which they were qualified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That sea change \u2014 a landmark that would pave the way for a generation of female sea service leaders and for today\u2019s women sailors and officers \u2014 finally became reality just more than 30 years ago, on Nov. 30, 1993, when Congress rescinded the law banning women from combat ships and aircraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Franchetti made history last month when she became the Navy\u2019s 33rd chief of naval operations, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.navytimes.com\/news\/your-navy\/2023\/11\/02\/senate-finally-confirms-adm-franchetti-as-navys-top-officer\/\" target=\"_blank\">the first woman ever to serve as the Navy\u2019s top officer<\/a> and the first to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But she said<b> <\/b>that likely<b> <\/b>wouldn\u2019t have happened if Congress didn\u2019t lift that exclusion three decades ago \u2014 a change that served as the spark for greater gender equality into the fleet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThat [law change] would open up pathways to becoming an admiral one day, even to me becoming &#8230; the chief of naval operations,\u201d Franchetti said. \u201cWithout that change in the law, without the changes in policy that came after that, and then without changes in culture over time, none of that would have happened.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Things moved fast after the law change, and Franchetti soon received word that she would not report to an ammunition ship for her next assignment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cInstead of going to be the chief engineer on the USS Kiska, I was going to go be the operations officer on the [destroyer] USS Moosbrugger,\u201d<b> <\/b>she said. \u201cI was ready to go to a combatant ship, and I was so excited. And it was really a dream come true.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Franchetti\u2019s Navy career began when she was a freshman at Northwestern University in 1981 and came upon<b> <\/b>an ROTC unit holding a barbeque during freshman orientation week. The students filled her in on the scholarship opportunities ROTC provided, prompting her to seek out the ROTC lieutenant and sign up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After graduating in 1985, Franchetti wasn\u2019t one of the handful of women across the entire Navy tapped to go to sea. But<b> <\/b>a mentor at her first shore tour at Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois,<b> <\/b>thought<b> <\/b>she would make an excellent shipboard<b> <\/b>division officer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To boost her<b> <\/b>chances, Franchetti got qualified as engineering officer of the watch in a shoreside plant and eventually<b> <\/b>headed to the destroyer tender Shenandoah for her first tour at sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhile I was there\u2026I qualified surface warfare,\u201d Franchetti said. \u201cI then went to an oiler, because of another policy change that let women go to logistics ships at sea. And so you could start to see these doors opening up a little bit. And that inspired me to keep going and see what would happen next.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After joining the surface warfare community, Franchetti said she soon realized she wanted to command a warship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI realized there was not a path for me to command a ship\u201d until Congress took action in 1993, Franchetti said. \u201cAnd so I knew that when this law was repealed, it would open up all the doors for everyone to serve on any kind of ship at sea.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3000\" height=\"1997\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7970146.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7970146.jpg.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7970146.jpg.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7970146.jpg.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7970146.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7970146.jpg.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7970146.jpg.jpg?resize=2048,1363 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Michael Gilday relinquishes command of the U.S. Navy to then-Vice Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Lisa Franchetti while Navy Secretary Carlos Del Toro looks on during a ceremony at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, on August 14, 2023. (Chad McNeeley\/Defense Department)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018Surround yourself with the people you want to become\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the law changed, women started reporting to the newly available ships in March 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The policy change immediately impacted the career trajectory of retired Rear Adm. Ann Phillips, allowing her to serve with Cruiser-Destroyer Group 3 in 1995 that deployed with the Carl Vinson Task Group to support Operation Desert Strike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Getting to serve in that expanded capacity \u201cmade a huge difference\u201d in her career, Phillips told Navy Times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3642\" height=\"2274\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/953955.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81736\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/953955.jpg.jpg 3642w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/953955.jpg.jpg?resize=300,187 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/953955.jpg.jpg?resize=768,480 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/953955.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,639 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/953955.jpg.jpg?resize=1536,959 1536w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/953955.jpg.jpg?resize=2048,1279 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3642px) 100vw, 3642px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Retired Rear Adm. Ann Phillips is one of several Navy women of her generation who say the repeal 30 years ago of a law banning women from serving aboard surface combatants was a key moment in their career and in achieving gender equality within the Navy. Phillips is shown here in 2013 while commanding Expeditionary Strike Group 2. (Navy)\n\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThat set me up for a tactical, operational background that I would not have had otherwise,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd it was all because of the repeal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phillips went on to serve<b> <\/b>as the executive officer of the<b> <\/b>Spruance-class destroyer Kinkaid before becoming the first-ever commanding officer of the Arleigh-Burke class destroyer Mustin, commander of Destroyer Squadron 28 and commander of Expeditionary Strike Group 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWithout that [law repeal], I wouldn\u2019t have commanded the Mustin,\u201d Phillips said. \u201cWithout that, I wouldn\u2019t have commanded a destroyer squadron\u2026I don\u2019t know that I would have made flag, and I don\u2019t know that I would have had the opportunity to command at sea again as a flag officer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For<b> <\/b>women like U.S. 6th Fleet Command Master Chief Medea Dudley, it took a bit more time to realize the importance of the policy change. Dudley enlisted in the Navy in 1991 and was serving aboard the submarine tender McKee when Congress lifted the combatant exclusion laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But Dudley said her mentors understood the momentous weight of the repeal, and what it could portend for young women like herself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI think that they, knowing that repeal happened, really pushed me to do better, to do things that would put me in a position where I would have better opportunities as I move in life,\u201d Dudley told Navy Times. \u201cThey always told me to surround yourself with the people that you want to become eventually.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1261\" height=\"813\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/cmc-dudley.png.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81737\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/cmc-dudley.png.png 1261w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/cmc-dudley.png.png?resize=300,193 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/cmc-dudley.png.png?resize=768,495 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/cmc-dudley.png.png?resize=1024,660 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1261px) 100vw, 1261px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">U.S. 6th Fleet Command Master Chief Medea Dudley said the full impact of a law banning Navy women from serving aboard combatant ships was not immediately apparent to her as a young sailor in 1993, but her mentors imparted on her the significance of the milestone. (Navy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For retired Rear Adm. Peg Klein, the repeal of the combat exclusion laws pushed her to take on a sea tour in Yokosuka, Japan, with the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk, where she served with the ship\u2019s battle group staff in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That job allowed her to be a competitive candidate for O-6 command, she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI wanted to be looked at with the same gravitas as my male counterparts,\u201d Klein told Navy Times. \u201cIn<b> <\/b>my own mind, I wanted to be worthy. I wanted, if I was selected for O-6 command, I wanted to say I had done the hardest job that the Navy would let me do. So that\u2019s what the repeal of the combat exclusion law meant in my career.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Klein, who was among the second class of women to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1981, went on to become the chief of staff for the Eisenhower Carrier Strike Group and also became the first woman commandant of midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy in 2006. She later commanded Expeditionary Strike Group 5 in 2011, overseeing combat operations in the Mediterranean Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Klein doesn\u2019t believe she would have ever made admiral without the repeal of these combat exclusion laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But she also didn\u2019t view the repeal as an automatic gateway to making flag. Instead, she would have the opportunity to push that gate open and take on more career-advancing jobs, just like her male peers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI look forward to the day where there\u2019s parity, not necessarily because we have achieved specific milestones, but &#8230; because our numbers all look the same,\u201d said Klein, who retired in 2017 and is now the dean of the College of Leadership and Ethics at the Naval War College.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4080\" height=\"2720\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/349487.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/349487.jpg.jpg 4080w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/349487.jpg.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/349487.jpg.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/349487.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/349487.jpg.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/349487.jpg.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 4080px) 100vw, 4080px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Retired Rear Adm. Peg Klein aboard the amphibious assault ship Kearsarge in 2010 while commanding Expeditionary Strike Group 5. (Marine Corps)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018I have to go to sea, it is my destiny\u2019<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the 1993 combat ship exclusion law\u2019s repeal helped change the notion of who could serve and lead the Navy, other critical steps preceded it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Integrating women into the Navy gained momentum in the 1970s under then-Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Elmo Zumwalt, as the service grappled with retention issues, according to the Naval History and Heritage Command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zumwalt spearheaded a series of changes, including a pilot program to assign women aboard the hospital ship Sanctuary and opening NROTC programs to women in 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"630\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/NH-97205.jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81744\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/NH-97205.jpeg.jpg 900w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/NH-97205.jpeg.jpg?resize=300,210 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/NH-97205.jpeg.jpg?resize=768,538 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chief of Naval Operations Elmo Zumwalt speaks to the crew of the Gearing-class destroyer Newman K. Perry on Sept. 14, 1970. (Navy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A year later, retired Vice Adm. Carol Pottenger entered the NROTC program at Purdue University to become a Navy nurse, since there was \u201cnot even a whisper of any fleet jobs opening up for women,\u201d Pottenger told Navy Times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the gender-based bans, Pottenger said she fell in love with the opportunities the Navy provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMy eyes just opened up to all kinds of things and I loved leadership, loved engineering, navigation,\u201d Pottenger said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A few years later, in 1978, the Navy announced it would assign 55 women officers to sea aboard hospital ships, transport ships, and other auxiliary vessels that didn\u2019t conduct combat operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2250\" height=\"1506\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/73533.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/73533.jpg.jpg 2250w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/73533.jpg.jpg?resize=300,201 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/73533.jpg.jpg?resize=768,514 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/73533.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,685 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/73533.jpg.jpg?resize=1536,1028 1536w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/73533.jpg.jpg?resize=2048,1371 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2250px) 100vw, 2250px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Retired Rear Adm. Carol M. Pottenger in 2007 while leading Expeditionary Strike Group 7 aboard the amphibious assault ship Essex. (Navy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pottenger knew she wanted to be one of those women, and recalled a letter<b> <\/b>she penned<b> <\/b>to herself at the time reflecting that desire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI was so passionate about wanting to be part of that opportunity that I was like \u2018I have to be chosen, I have to go to sea, it is my destiny,\u2019\u201d Pottenger said. \u201cIt is pretty amazing that I wrote that thing as a 22-year-old ensign.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sure enough, the Navy selected Pottenger for one of the spots and she went to sea aboard the destroyer tender Yosemite in 1979. She later became the first woman to command a deployed strike group when she led Expeditionary Strike Group 7 in 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"smg-interstitial-link wp-block-smg-interstitial-link\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/navytimes\/news\/your-navy\/2023\/07\/25\/she-was-the-first-woman-to-lead-an-aircraft-carrier-who-is-next\/\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Bauernschmidt20.webp_.jpg?w=300\" class=\"smg-interstitial-link__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"smg-interstitial-link__content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"smg-interstitial-link__kicker\">Related<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"smg-interstitial-link__title\">She was the first woman to lead an aircraft carrier. Who is next?<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"smg-interstitial-link__excerpt\">Navy officials have said there are no women in the aircraft carrier commanding officer pipeline.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another policy change in 1988 allowed women like<b> <\/b>retired Vice Adm. Mary Jackson the chance to further serve at sea aboard combat logistics force ships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThat opening of those combat logistics force ships was a key step for the Navy at a strategic level, as they moved closer to the repeal of the combat exclusion law,\u201d Jackson told Navy Times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jackson, who graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1988, completed a summer cruise in 1987 aboard a combat logistics force ship \u2014 even though they weren\u2019t open to women yet. But that policy shift the following year allowed her to take on an assignment as the assistant operations officer and navigator aboard the replenishment oiler Willamette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBecause I had had such an incredible summer cruise on one of those types of ships\u2026then the door opened right away,\u201d said Jackson, who went on to become one of the first women assigned to a cruiser-destroyer unit in 1994 aboard the Spruance-class destroyer Briscoe. \u201cAnd I was like, \u2018This is what I\u2019m going to do.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2100\" height=\"1395\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/310667.jpg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81747\" srcset=\"https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/310667.jpg.jpg 2100w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/310667.jpg.jpg?resize=300,199 300w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/310667.jpg.jpg?resize=768,510 768w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/310667.jpg.jpg?resize=1024,680 1024w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/310667.jpg.jpg?resize=1536,1020 1536w, https:\/\/one.sightlinemg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/310667.jpg.jpg?resize=2048,1360 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2100px) 100vw, 2100px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Retired Vice Adm. Mary Jackson takes command of Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia, as a captain in 2010, becoming the base&#8217;s first female commanding officer. (Navy)\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That repeal 30 years ago also meant greater gender integration for the Navy compared to other services, because only a few Navy jobs, such as serving aboard a submarine or becoming a Navy SEAL, were closed off to women after 1993, Pottenger said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe Army and the Marine Corps \u2014 very different story with the infantry,\u201d she said. \u201cFor the Navy &#8230; it was really a groundbreaking, ground-shaking impact.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although Navy women have commanded an aircraft carrier, a carrier strike group and are currently serving as the chief of naval operations, there are still a few milestones women in the Navy have yet to reach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dudley said she looks forward to the day when there is a woman serving as the master chief petty officer of the Navy, and Franchetti is particularly excited about a woman becoming the commanding officer of a submarine, an opportunity that only opened up to women in 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEverything takes time,\u201d Franchetti said. \u201cYou need to grow in the Navy and gain all those requisite experiences, because you need that to be able to do the missions that we\u2019re asked to do every day. It takes time, from the change in the law, to the change in the policy, to gaining all that experience.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thirty years ago, Congress repealed laws barring women from serving on combatant ships and aircraft, paving the way for a new generation of female 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